Credit Rating Agencies Role in Financial Crisis

1. Credit rating agencies present one of the key problems in reconfiguring the global financial architecture. Why? What are the options? What is the most likely solution? * The rating agencies present one of the key problems because they were behind the rating of the complex CDOs as well as taking an active part in creating these mortgage-related products which created conflict of interest. The ratings given to the CDO tranches did not effectively disclose the true credit quality of the underlying securities which contained a much higher default probabilities. * Options: * More regulations by SEC to control the â€Å"issuer pays† model. â€Å"To correct the competition problem within the â€Å"issuer pays† model, the SEC could place limits on the competition that occurs among the rating agencies. † (Acharya & Richardson, 2009) * â€Å"An alternative structure (†¦) would be for the SEC to create a department that houses a centralized clearing platform for ra ting agencies. † (Acharya & Richardson, 2009) * Another option is to deregulate the industry and allow free-market competition forces to shape its further growth and development which could bring in players like Bloomberg that would offer bond rating as a value-added services to its clientele. Most likely solution: * Although it is a very complex situation and it would require a series of regulatory changes, a regulatory oversight agency that would closely monitor the rating agencies and act as an intermediary in matching the issuers with the rating agencies. 2. Greece is in trouble. Why? Fast-forward 5 years and describe the most likely outcome of the current problems and their consequences for global banking and financial markets. * Greece is in trouble because it has failed to keep under controls its ballooning debt and accumulated a total national debt of over 113% of the country’s GDP. In April and May of this year Greece has to repay a total of $23 billion of its maturing government bonds which raised the question of whether it will be able to refinance the debt at its current financial state. * It has come to light that Greece used a series of financial transactions facilitated by Goldman Sachs to make its financials appear much nicer to adhere to the EU requirements of the member countries having to maintain the budget deficit under 3% of GDP. â€Å"†¦concerns about Greece's high level of debt led the three main international credit ratings agencies to downgrade Greek government bonds in January, so when Greece issued its bonds, it had offer them at much higher interest rates (five percent higher than those offered on benchmark German bonds) in order to attract investors. † (Fleeson) * Depending on how EU deals with the Greece problem, the Euro zone could become stronger in the outcome or it could face a moral hazard when more of the problematic EU c ountries (Portugal, Ireland, and Spain) encounter the same problem as Greece and will expect EU to bail them out. If Greece is allowed to default on its international debt it will put pressure on the entire Euro zone and will make it more problematic for Portugal, Ireland, and Spain, who have â€Å"ratios of debt to gross domestic product that are three times higher than the EU ceiling of three percent†, to borrow in the near future. (Fleeson) * If EU backs Greece, it will be more easier for the country to borrow at favorable rates and it will ease the pressure from the speculators which were betting against Greece and aggravating the problem even more. On a more positive note, the fact that the euro has weakened during the past four months as a result of the situation with Greece has the made the European goods relatively cheaper and export conditions more favorable. * Most likely outcome is that EU will eventually back Greece in some shape or form, once the member countries can agree on the measures, to keep it from defaulting and impose stricter economic rules on the members to adhere to in order to create sounder economic environments. â€Å"†¦analysts say that supportive talk (and even credit guarantees) will probably not be enough to salvage Greece’s finances and that ultimately the country is likely to need a package of loans put together by other EU governments and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). † (Fleeson) * â€Å"As part of the deal being forged in Brussels, Germany and France are demanding that the eurozone rewrite its rule book about economic convergence, including sanctions against governments (such as Greece’s) that deceive their EU partners about their real financial situation. (Maudave) * â€Å"The emergence of changes of this sort, including effective measures of discipline against offending eurozone countries, the new fiscal discipline and beginning of collective economic governance among the eurozon e countries, could be an important step forward to the EU’s global clout. Such progress toward economic coherence and credibility could amount to progress on a par with the Lisbon treaty – and, for the long run, a silver lining to the current economic hardship being inflicted on the EU economies. (Maudave) References Viral Acharya, Matthew Richardson. â€Å"Restoring Financial Stability: How to Repair a Failed system. † New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. , 2009. Print Tony Spadaccia. â€Å"U. S. is Resembling Greece’s Economic Decline. † The Breeze, March 18, 2010. Web. Sat. 20 March, 2010 ; http://breezejmu. org/2010/03/18/us-is-resembling-greeces-economic-decline/; Will Fleeson. â€Å"Sovereign Debt Liable to Overwhelm System in the EU’s Five â€Å"PIIGS†. † The European Institute, February 2010. Web. Fri. 2 March, 2010 Will Fleeson. â€Å"Euro Zone Acts to Dodge Greece's Bullet — But More to Come From PIIGS? † The European Institute, February 2010. Web. Fri. 12 March, 2010 http://www. europeaninstitute. org/February-2010/euro-zone-may-dodge-the-bullet-from-greece. html Basil Maudave. â€Å"EU Bail-Out For Greece? Time Has Come, Reportedly, To Do It — With Conditions. † The European Institute, March 2010. Web. Fri. 12 March, 2010 Arthur E. Wilmarth, Jr. â€Å"Controlling Systemic Risk in an ERA of Financial Consolidation. †

Interactive Session: Running the Business from the Palm

Chapter 1 Interactive Session: Organizations: Running the Business from the Palm of Your Hand Case Study Questions 1. What kinds of applications are described here? What business functions do they support? How do they improve operational efficiency and decision making? Email, messaging, social networking, and sales force management are described in this case study. The applications support business functions including collaboration, location-based services, and communications with colleagues.These applications improve operational efficiency and decision making by allowing people to communicate from wherever they are. They are no longer tethered to one place or one machine. They can receive information and data instantaneously which allows them to make better, faster decisions. In the case of Doylestown Hospital, doctors use iPhone applications to access medical reference applications, giving them a broader base of information on which to base decisions. 2. Identify the problems that businesses in this case study solved by using mobile digital devices.TCHO Chocolate solved some of its operational and production problems by using iPhone apps to remotely log into each chocolate-making machine, control time and temperature, turn the machines on and off, and receive alerts about when to make temperature changes. The company owner remotely views several video cameras that show how the TCHO Flavor Lab is doing. Company employees exchange photos, email, and text messages via iPhone apps. GE’s employees use iPhone and iPad apps that help them find patterns and trends in large volumes of data that may help alert them to problems before they become serious enough to affect customers or suppliers.Monitoring apps let managers zoom in from a global map to a specific transformer and read key performance indicators at any time. Dow Corning managers analyze real-time data from core corporate systems including sales figures, trends, and projections, using mobile handheld devices. â€Å"In 15 seconds I can get a sense of whether there’s a financial performance issue I need to get involved with,† said Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Don Sheets. Sunbelt Rentals combined multiple systems and databases into a single package for its sales teams.Rather than accessing several different computer systems for information, sales agents receive combined information from corporate point-of-sale systems, inventory control and management systems, and enterprise systems, for a truly integrated view of business functions. SAP’s Business One mobile application sends alerts on specific events to sales managers, giving them real-time information about deviations from approved discounts, inventory availability, and in-stock products. 3. What kinds of businesses are most likely to benefit from equipping their employees with mobile digital devices such as iPhones, iPads, and BlackBerrys?Any business with a need to communication wit h customers, suppliers, and business colleagues can benefit from equipping employees with mobile digital devices. Student answers will vary as they relate their own experiences and knowledge of using mobile digital devices. Try to encourage the students’ creativity and imagination with this question. Here are a couple examples: Insurance companies: claims adjusters or agents writing new policies or updating old ones, can take pictures of property as-is or that’s been damaged, update data on the condition of a property, and document property damage for claims processing.Real estate agents: can take pictures of homes for sale and send to prospective buyers, send information to other agents or prospective buyers and sellers, answer questions, and complete documents related to buying and selling property. Winemakers: can receive up-to-date weather forecasts, track crop information via GPS coordinates, store and access data on crop varieties for later analysis, track employ ee productivity during harvest time, take pictures of crops to include in a database, and communicate with suppliers and customers. 4. One company deploying iPhones has said, â€Å"The iPhone is not a game changer, it’s an industry changer.It changes the way that you can interact with your customers and with your suppliers. † Discuss the implications of this statement. First and foremost, those that effectively and efficiently deploy mobile digital device technology gain a huge competitive advantage over those who do not use the technology to stay in constant touch with customers and suppliers. Sales and Marketing can take a hit by not having access to information that can close business deals faster and more efficiently. Costs can increase without the ability to contact suppliers and track product shipments, especially for those companies who use just-in-time supply chains.Interactive Session: Technology: UPS Competes Globally with Information Technology Case Study Qu estions 1. What are the inputs, processing, and outputs of UPS’s package tracking system? Inputs: The inputs include package information, customer signature, pickup, delivery, time-card data, current location (while en route), and billing and customer clearance documentation. Processing: The data are transmitted to a central computer and stored for retrieval. Data are also reorganized so that they can be tracked by customer account, date, driver, and other criteria.Outputs: The outputs include pickup and delivery times, location while en route, and package recipient. The outputs also include various reports, such as all packages for a specific account or a specific driver or route, as well as summary reports for management. 2. What technologies are used by UPS? How are these technologies related to UPS’s business strategy? Technologies include handheld computers (DIADs), barcode scanning systems, wired and wireless communications networks, desktop computers, UPSâ€℠¢s central computer (large mainframe computers), and storage technology for the package delivery data.UPS also uses telecommunication technologies for transmitting data through pagers and cellular phone networks. The company uses in-house software for tracking packages, calculating fees, maintaining customer accounts and managing logistics, as well as software to access the World Wide Web. UPS has used the same strategy for over 90 years. Its strategy is to provide the â€Å"best service and lowest rates. † One of the most visible aspects of technology is the customer’s ability to track his/her package via the UPS Web site.However, technology also enables data to seamlessly flow throughout UPS and helps streamline the workflow at UPS. Thus, the technology described in the scenario enables UPS to be more competitive, efficient, and profitable. The result is an information system solution to the business challenge of providing a high level of service with low prices in t he face of mounting competition. 3. What strategic business objectives do UPS’s information systems address? †¢ Operational excellence: UPS has maintained leadership in small-package delivery services despite stiff competition from FedEx and the U. S.Postal System by investing heavily in advanced information technology. †¢ New products, services, and business models: In June 2009 UPS launched a new Web-based Post Sales Order Management System (OMS) that manages global service orders and inventory for critical parts fulfillment. The system enables high-tech electronics, aerospace, medical equipment, and other companies anywhere in the world that ship critical parts to quickly assess their critical parts inventory, determine the most optimal routing strategy to meet customer needs, place orders online, and track parts from the warehouse to the end user. Customer and supplier intimacy: Customers can download and print their own labels using special software provided by UPS or by accessing the UPS Web site. UPS spends more than $1 billion each year to maintain a high level of customer service while keeping costs low and streamlining its overall operations. †¢ Improved decision making: Special software creates the most efficient delivery route for each driver that considers traffic, weather conditions, and the location of each stop. UPS estimates its delivery trucks save 28 million miles and burn 3 million fewer gallons of fuel each year as a result of using this technology.To further increase cost savings and safety, drivers are trained to use â€Å"340 Methods† developed by industrial engineers to optimize the performance of every task from lifting and loading boxes to selecting a package from a shelf in the truck. †¢ Competitive advantage: UPS is leveraging its decades of expertise managing its own global delivery network to manage logistics and supply chain activities for other companies. Its Supply Chain Solutions division pro vides a complete bundle of standardized services to subscribing companies at a fraction of what it would cost to build their won systems and infrastructure. . What strategic business objectives do UPS’s information systems address? UPS invests heavily in information systems technology to make its business more efficient and customer oriented. It uses an array of information technologies including barcode scanning systems, wireless networks, large mainframe computers, handheld computers, the Internet, and many different pieces of software for tracking packages, calculating fees, maintaining customer accounts, and managing logistics. You may want to highlight how UPS has had to change and adapt to new technologies to remain competitive. . What would happen if UPS’s information systems were not available? Arguably, UPS might not be able to compete effectively without technology. If the technology were not available, then UPS would, as it has through most of its history, a ttempt to provide that information to its customers, but at higher prices. From the customers’ perspective, these technologies provide value because they help customers complete their tasks more efficiently. Customers view UPS’s technology as value-added services as opposed to increasing the cost of sending packages.

Commentaire †Jude the Obscure, Thomas Hardy Essay

Thomas Hardy described the novel in his preface as dramatizing â€Å"a deadly war between flesh and spirit†. This quasi reference to St Paul’s conception of human dualism goes far towards explaining the nature of Jude’s tragedy. This dualism appears also in the book. Jude The Obscure is the last of Thomas Hardy’s novels published in 1895: its critical reception was so negative that Hardy resolved never to write another novel. The passage under analysis is situated towards the beginning of the novel, at the arrival of Jude at Christminster (the fictional name of Oxford). He found a job at a stonesman’s to make a living while studying by himself to try and achieve his dream. Indeed, Jude’s first concern is a job, though his working is to be done only as a way of supporting himself until he can enter the university. Our commentary will fall into two parts. First we will study the isolation of Jude, and the opposition between Jude’s world and the world of his enthusiasm that is to say the world of Oxford students. Then, we will study the omnipresence of spirituality that contrasts with the materiality in the text. As we have said before, this novel is the last novel of Thomas Hardy. This novel recounts the painful process of his disillusionment and his final destruction at the hands of an oppressive society, which refuses to acknowledge his desire. Even if this extract does not seem so sombre, and presents a real hope, we can notice that the theme of the contrast or the opposition exists all the text long. Thus it is interesting to underline that play of opposition which appears quite characteristic of the novel as it is implied by the sentence of Thomas Hardy that we have quoted in the introduction where he describes his book as â€Å"a deadly war between flesh and spirit†. In a strikingly similar vein, Hardy tells also that the † ‘grimy’ features of the story go to show the contrast between the ideal life a man wished to lead, and the squalid real life he was fated to lead.† There is a play of opposition and parallelism that exists in this extract that presents contrast also. The first opposition that can be noted is the opposition between Jude and the others. Indeed, there is a real separation  between Jude and what he calls â€Å"his inmates† on line 11 or his â€Å"happy young contemporaries†. That is also obvious with the use of the pronoun. All the text long, and mostly in the first part of the text – when the narrator describes Christminster and the students – we can see appearing two different groups as clearly underlined on line 25: â€Å"Whatever they were to him, he to them was not on the spot at all; and yet he had fancied he would be close to their lives by coming there†. This sentence permits really distinguish the opposition between those to entity. This idea of separation exists in all the text, with different symbol of separation. Thus we can say that even if the â€Å"Christminster ‘sentiment’ (†¦) ate further and further into him†, Jude is clearly not in the Christminster ‘way of life’. This situation of exclusion is described implicitly, by the narrator, as quite unfair, when he underlines for instance that â€Å"he probably knew more about those buildings materially, artistically and historically, than any one of their inmates. We could perceive this remark and all the text as an implicit criticism of the fixed class boundaries that exist in the Victorian society. Indeed, we know that Jude has a real willpower of being â€Å"someone†. He left his life in the country town to come into the big city in the hope of succeeding in life. But that society seems quite close as described by Hardy. That is probably why the narrator and Hardy himself insist on the separation of Jude, his isolation and even a sort of imprisonment. He is all alone, in a big city, living apar t and a lot of elements in the text can induce this idea. Firstly let’s notice the â€Å"echoes of his own footsteps†. Echoe occurs most of the time in big and empty spaces, thus using the world ‘echoe’ the narrator wanted to show the isolation of Jude. The adjectives â€Å"impish† and the comparison with â€Å"blows of mallet† are also relevant is that respect. The character appears then, at first sight, isolated, alone with some kind of harsh condition. The evocation of the â€Å"wall† is stronger in that respect. The wall is the symbol of separation, division and exclusion; and here this symbol is used several time as on line 10 â€Å"Only a wall divided him from those happy young contemporaries† or on line 14 â€Å"Only a wall – but what a wall!† showing us the real feeling of exclusion of Jude. This image is reinforced by the metaphor of the â€Å"gates† saying that: â€Å"For the present he was outside the gates of everything, colleges included†. Otherwise the gates can refer to heaven, as we will see later. This division appears also in the  room itself, showing that it exists two worlds: â€Å"rigged up a curtains on a rope across the middle, to make a double chamber out of one†. As we have said, there is a gap between Jude and the rest of Christminster; it is also suggested with the world ‘antipodes’ used on line 21. Nevertheless, it seems that Jude look like ‘their inmates’. The narrator on line 11 underlines it when he says ‘he shared a common mental life’ or on line 20 â€Å"they seemed oftentimes (†¦) to be particularly akin to his own thoughts†. The difference is then more a difference of wages, and not of cleverness or aspirations, we can thus see an implicit criticism of the system by Hardy: they are equal but separate, and they don’t have the same chance to succeed in life, and this opposition drawn by Hardy permits to understand that. The picture painted of the education system is very bleak for the common man, who can study day and night, but will never walk through those great doors of learning. There is a dichotomy between manual work and intellectual work: the young workman in a white blouse vs. the young students. Jude seems to want to realize a synthesis of those two worlds as underlined on line 38: â€Å"He was young and strong, or he never could have executed with such zest the undertakings to which he now applied himself, since they involved reading most of the time after working all the day†. Indeed this text not only presents this division between two worlds but also sort of hope concerning the future. The way of writing of Hardy permits us to understand Jude’s enthusiasm and his faith in future, and permits then to comprehend the mind of Jude: the landscapes of this extract is both Christminster and Jude’s mind: Christminster changes and evolves in Jude eye’s. . Even if Jude The obscure is Hardy’s most sombre novel, here, it is the beginning of the novel and faith and hope are still allowed. This hope appears on line 28 â€Å"But the future lay ahead after all (†¦)†. Desire and enthusiasm are perceptible in the text and particularly in the last paragraph. However the last sentence permits to understand that the future will be more difficult than he probably thinks: â€Å"His desire absorbed him and left no part of him to weigh its practicability†. And Christminster will not be probably the city he was expected. Indeed, this text is situated toward the beginning of the novel when Jude has just arrived at Christminster. In  that respect, he is still full of hope, and enthusiasm even if we can see that he realises â€Å"how far from the object of that enthusiasm he really was†. But it is more a dream than anything else: indeed, Christminster’s phantasmal allure, glimpsed by Jude from the top of his ladder, becomes after his arrival in the city the sinister phantasm of feeling himself disembodied and different. This idea could be illustrated by the description of the Cathedral in the text with the insistence of the size (grandeur ) of it on line 59 : â€Å"Tall tower, tall belfry windows and tall pinnacles†. The anaphora permits to show the discrepancy between Jude, alone and the big city, bigger than his country town where everything is closed for the moment. But as we have said, there is still hope, and the reference to the Cathedral permits to underline another aspect of this extract, which is faith and spirituality as implied by the use of the word â€Å"faith† on line 61. In Hardy’s book, Bible is omnipresent. The text is full of biblical allusion, so much that The Ecclesiasts are a privileged intertext. We can say that God is everywhere, and this extract presents us a lot of references to spirituality that contrasts with materiality of his life conditions. The use of Biblical analogy separates it from all the others novels of Hardy. In it Hardy traces the odyssey of Jude, showing that at important turning points in his life Biblical references serve as guideposts marking his direction. Christminster is tinted with spirituality and so does the extract under study. Firstly, we can point out the name of the city because even if Hardy refers to Oxford, he gives to the city a fictional name that is â€Å"Christminster†, mixing Christ, which is the title, also treated as a name, given to Jesus of Nazareth and â€Å"minster† which is a large or important church, typically one of cathedral status in the north of England that was built as part of a monastery. So, it is a double reference to religion and spirituality. Then there are a lot of references in the text itself, and the place of Christminster seems impregnate with religion and spirituality, which are two notions not exactly similar. Indeed, religion is the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, spirit; and spirituality is relating to or affecting the human spirit or soul as opposed to material or  physical things. In those definitions, we can then clearly see that spirituality is opposed to materiality, which seems also the case on that extract. Spirituality or religion appears first throughout the abundant lexical field: â€Å"haunted† on line 1, â€Å"cloisters† (l.1), â€Å"God†, â€Å"Cathedral†, â€Å"Belfry†, etc. More of that, Hardy plays with the meaning of some words; firstly, with the meaning of the world enthusiasm. As we have said before, Jude’s enthusiasm is one of the major stakes of the extract. It could be understand as the intense and eager enjoyment or interest, which is probably the case. But not only, enthusiasm has also an archaic and religious meaning: indeed, enthusiasm is a religious fervour supposedly resulting directly from divine inspiration, typically involving speaking in tongues and wild, uncoordinated movements of the body. This religious could also cast a different light of the expression â€Å"Christminster ‘sentiment’†. This sentiment could also be a religious feeling, a spiritual fervour that pervades Jude. God is thus present in the text, and Jude is not an atheist as underlined on line 30: â€Å"So he thanked God for his health and strength, and took courage†. The world courage is also relevant in that respect. Courage is the ability to confront fear, pain, danger, uncertainty, or intimidation. But In both Catholicism and Anglicanism, courage is also one of the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit. With the gift of fortitude/courage, we overcome our fear and are willing to take risks as a follower of Jesus Christ. A person with courage is willing to stand up for what is right in the sight of God, even if it means accepting rejection, verbal abuse, or physical harm. The gift of courage allows people the firmness of mind that is required both in doing good and in enduring evil. The seven gifts of the Holy Spirit are thus wisdom, understanding, wonder and awe, right judgement, knowledge, courage, and reverence. And it seems that Jude possesses some of them, just like â€Å"knowledge, wisdom or understanding† as implied in the text, or at least that is what let us hear Thomas Hardy in some sentences as on line 29 â€Å"If he could only be so fortunate as to get into employment he would put with the inevitable† which shows the â€Å"understanding† of Jude for instance. It is also obvious on the end of the extract with the quotation of The Ecclesiasts â€Å"For wisdom is a defence and money is a defence; but the Excellency of knowledge is, that wisdom giveth life to them that have it†. We can see that God, spirituality and religion are everywhere in Jude’s life  and in this extract. But this quotation of the Ecclesiast permits also to cast a light on a major opposition in the text between that spirituality and the materiality. Indeed, Jude seems in a state of imprisonment also because of his lack of money. He is met with obstacles time after time, mainly due to his social station as a common stonemason. This lack of money is thus a real obstacle as underlined one line 49 â€Å"Having been deeply encumbered by marrying, getting a cottage and buying the furniture†. That sentence permits to see that those things of life are limited the freedom and the development of his mind. That is why there is real opposition between spirituality and materiality. In the same way poverty seems contradictory to wealth of mind: â€Å"After buying a book or two he could not even afford himself a fire†. Thomas Hardy gives details about the price of the lamp, in order to insist on this problem of money. Money problem seems to be an obstacle to think well as implied on the beginning of the text when the narrator says â€Å"men who had nothing to do from morning till night but to read, mark, learn and inwardly diges t†. The real difference between Jude and his inmates is that, they don’t have to preoccupy about money, they are totally free of materialist preoccupations and thus, they only have to think, learn and understand. Their mind is not hobbled by money questions. Throughout this opposition, we can maybe perceive the denunciation of the author. Jude’s cousin Sue Bridehead describes his situation very succinctly few chapters later: â€Å"You are one of the very men Christminster was intended for when the colleges were founded; a man with a passion for learning, but no money, or opportunities, or friends. But you were elbowed off the pavement by the millionaires’ sons.† The image of the ogee dome can also be relevant in that respect. Indeed, the ogee dome is the dome of Tom Tower in Christ Church, and it was at one time the signal for all the Oxford College to lock their gates. We find back the image of the gates that could also by a symbol of the Gates of Heaven. But here again, they are closes, and locked showing how vain and difficult it is to try to penetrate in it. Thomas Hardy touches on several socially relevant and subversive themes in Jude The Obscure: education, social ranks, and religion. Those themes appear  in the extract under analysis. This one is particularly interesting because of Hardy’s craftsmanship. He uses a subtle play of opposition and parallelism that convey a peculiar atmosphere and permits to understand Jude’s feelings and situation. He seems thus alone torn between his desire of knowledge and his social condition, but also between spirituality and some kind of materiality inherent to his condition.

The implementation of a marketing plan Case Study

The implementation of a marketing plan - Case Study Example As such, the strategy will enable TUTTI MATTI beat some of her competitors who constantly threaten her business. One of the strategies that should be used is the provision of discounts or coupons with the purchase of movie tickets. Tutti Matti should also focus on providing discounts on particular days, such as Monday and Tuesday. Delivery services to people working around the area can also be of great benefit. The restaurant should also offer roof top event during summer time as well as participate at the Summerlicious. In addition, they should take advantage of free internet advertising platforms such as Facebook or the use of blogs. Further, the Toronto life magazine could be used as a great as a promotion tool. Tutti Matti should not charge corkage fee. Solomon should also actively participate in food competitions and other charity events so as to gain a reputation. Solomon’s main focus should be attracting new customers and increasing her customer base. She, therefore, ne eds to undertake a lot of promotional activities while providing the best pricing for her customers. Maintaining a strong customer base will play a big role in eliminating the effect of the economy downturn. A marketing plan provides a clarification of marketing elements of a business entity. It also maps out the objectives, the directions as well as the activities for a business and its work force. A marketing plan normally focuses on issues that are related to price, product, place and promotion.

Global Warming is not as Big a Deal as the Government Makes it Seem Research Paper

Global Warming is not as Big a Deal as the Government Makes it Seem - Research Paper Example This paper briefly analyses the global warming topic with respect to reasons other than manmade. As per the recent studies, the earth’s surface temperature has been increased around 0.750 C during the last century itself. Moreover, scientists believe that the atmospheric temperature may even go up by 6 degrees before the end of the current century. Studies also showed that warming and sea level rise may continue for more than 1000 years even if we manage to stabilize the greenhouse gas levels. Increased global temperature can create dangerous futures for the human being. The consequences of global warming are unimaginable. Sea level raise, increased extreme weather intensities, changes in agricultural yields, complete destruction of some living things etc are some of the immediate difficulties we can anticipate. Even though manmade activities may have some effect, modern scientific theories unanimously agreed that the major reasons for global warming may be natural phenomenon like solar variations and volcanoes. While the world is unanimous in accepting the fact that global warming may cause severe problems to living things, there are different opinions about who contributes to the atmospheric temperature. The intensity of radiations received on earth from the sun has been increased drastically as per the studies conducted by Dr. Solanki.  

The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Analysis - Essay Example The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Analysis â€Å"The oil spill threatens to create large-scale environmental disaster due to factors such as the toxic effects of petroleum and oxygen depletion in the water† (Turner 2010). The pollution caused due to the chemicals used to clean-up the oil spill can damage the food chain of the animals due to depletion of oxygen content in the water. Besides polluting the beaches around the actual source of spill, the oil could flow with the water current and move to the Atlantic Ocean. There it can pose a serious threat to the wild life, if they tend to swim to the area from other places. Thus, the spill has a disastrous environmental impact globally. The clean-up efforts are also not easy and the toxic compounds in the air caused due to the pollution from the spill pose great threat to the workers involved in the effort. This can be seen from the fact that ten workers involved in the clean-up operation had to be admitted to hospital with respiratory tract problems. The seafood industry is also highly endangered by this disaster as the commercial sea food swamps in the coastal areas of the spill can be contaminated. The spill has been estimated to have cost the fisheries industry an estimated $2.5billion as per initial calculations (Turner 2010). Tourism industry has also been hit badly as the beaches have to be closed down. Tourists have cancelled their vacation bookings at beaches which are yet untouched by the oil from the spill.

Ethnic Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Ethnic Studies - Essay Example The film presents a compelling love story about a couple from different races. Jihah is in pursuit of the American dream and delineate s himself from the Korean culture. He makes Sophie happy by giving her a child, which is her lifelong dream. The film is not about who Sophie ends up with, but rather if she becomes happy. She gains her self-fulfillment through the relationship with Jihah, who she contracts to make her pregnant and save her marriage. Even so, they are both strangers who have sex, but desperately try to avoid intimacy. In their loveless encounters, the two visibly seem to fight the need to bond. Eventually and inevitably, they find themselves in a relationship despite the commercial nature of their relationship. Although Sophie is a well-to-do woman, her infertile husband, who is also Korean, puts her in an awkward position in which she cannot be a mother. The fact that she hires someone to inseminate her makes it lean towards a cross-class relationship, but the later romantic relationship means that it is an interracial relationship. In addition, Sophie dates a wealthy Korean man and this signifies their interracial relationship. Although there is the exchange of money, a late-blooming passion alters the happy conclusion of the film. None of them bargained for the emotions that accompany their interracial

Evolution of Cinema in Nineteenth Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evolution of Cinema in Nineteenth Century - Essay Example Furthermore, in order to understand the ways that helped the evolution of cinema, an in-depth discussion will be undertaken. Considering the technological advancement in bring the motion to the pictures, the history of cinema beholds the usage of the magic lantern. Filmmakers made use of different slides which obviously changed the way cinema projected and presented the subject matter. It should be noted that the usage of the magic lantern as the technological aspects was the major tool during the 16th century. However, by the nineteenth century, the Lumiere Brothers used the slide projection of the films with the aid of photographs. Audiences were quiet aware of the ways the films were being projected. The penny arcades seemingly gave a way to the filmmakers in order to understand a concept which was out of the box. It was then the technological aspects of the filmmaking needed a larger screening idea (Popple and Kember). The need of the larger screen was because the filmmakers want ed to grab a larger number of audiences. In simpler words, it can be said that the technological innovation in the cinema was noted when audiences were given more preferences. Obviously, at this point, the size of the audiences was center of focus. The filmmakers including Edwin S. Porter worked marvelously regarding the idea of different scenes in the movie to catch attract attention of the crowd towards the films. It will not be incorrect to state that film ultimately became a way to gain money. This was later given the position of an industry in the late nineteenth century. Thus, it will not be incorrect to state that it was the aid of business that was being cashed and ultimately led to the evolution of the cinema from the popular means (Popple and Kember). Followed by the need of gathering audience for business purpose, the technological innovation that enthralled the cinema was the innovation of stroboscope. Later on, a number of experiments of the photographic methods were un dertaken merely to find the best position. Since the cinema was now an industry, each filmmaker wanted to achieve a better position in the market. In a simpler manner it can be said that the competition was another way which helped cinema to undergo evolution (Popple and Kember). In the late nineteenth century, it was found out that the idea of using 24 cameras in a row helped in taking photographs of a horse running. This helped the directors to find out a new dimension. Thus, the popular culture of having a scrolled photo graphic plate was now changed into a spectrum of moving picture. Throughout the later years of the 19th century, it was found out that this idea was being amended by different innovators in the field of filmmaking. At the same point, people noted that they could use a number of subjects of matter through the films as the motion picture was brought to life. By the end of the 19th century, it was observed that the movies were not just the scenes of the moving objec ts but also a presentation of the communication between two characters. This enabled the production department to come to life since the characters were showing real communication between the individuals. It can also be marked that the objects in the background also got great significance during this time. In this way, cinema changed from a nickel based viewing concept to cinema (Popple and Kember). Luckily, 19th century was the era when the cinema brought the combination of sound as well as visual scenes together with the help of Kodak still cameras and Thomas Edison’

Relationship Between Theories of Motivation Assignment - 78

Relationship Between Theories of Motivation - Assignment Example Stacy Adam’s equity theory states that people are motivated when they feel fairly or advantageously treated as opposed to when they feel disaffection and demotivated due to unfair treatment (Mind Tools) while Vroom in his expectancy theory, stated that employees are realized to do what they can do when they want to do it (Vroom). According to his expectancy factors of Expectancy, Instrumentality and Valence, this theory has an implication in Adam’s equity theory in that as equity theory explains that the input of an employee is commensurate to their expectation of the organization, an employee, therefore, requires to work hard so as to achieve their desired level of performance. It means one who puts a little effort will expect little outcome from the organization, therefore, the motivation is brought about by the level of performance one would like to achieve. Since Vroom believes that successful performance will be followed by rewards and desirable outcomes, therefore , the equity theory enables one to only expect an outcome just compared to the amount of effort they put in the organization. Edward Locke introduces the third theory: the goal-setting theory, which enhances satisfaction and work performance (Mind Tools). Managers and leaders must work together with others so as to set the right goals in the right way and set harder goals since the harder the goal, the higher the motivation. However, the goals must be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timely (SMART) (Reilly, Minnick and Baack). According to Vroom, hard work pays and when an employee expects a high compensation in terms of pay or praise, they must work hard for it. So, the goal setting theory will help the employee to achieve better job performance since they will be able to set hard goals which come with  high motivation hence enable them to achieve what they believed to be high dreams.  

Classroom Management - Setting Expectations Assignment

Classroom Management - Setting Expectations - Assignment Example 2. Students who miss a day of school should see the Make-Up Work Folder located on the bookshelf next to the pencil sharpener. In this folder, students can find a detailed list of what notes and activities they need to make up. Handouts will be in the folder, but students must borrow notes from another student and copy them by hand to their notebook. Missed assignments are due within 3 school days of the student's return. 3. Required daily materials include a black or blue pen, a pencil, a designated 3-ring binder, and the course textbook. Any other daily materials will be listed on the classroom board, so students can view them as they enter the room and get any required materials before the bell rings. 4. Homework will be assigned daily Monday through Thursday and due at the beginning of class, whether the class reviews it then or later. All work is to be original. Some assignments will be based on completion; others will be graded item by item. 5. Students will use a 3-ring binder dedicated to this course to collect notes, maps, graphic organizers, and other classroom materials. Each item in the notebook, regardless of its type, will be called a document and given a consecutive number. The notebook will be collected and graded based on completion once each grading period and constitutes a large part of students' daily work grade. To communicate these standards to students, verbal and graphic methods should both be used. Also, the plan has to be communicated to parents as well as students (Wong, 1991, p. 170). Graphic methods include writing the rules and procedures for students on handouts that they include in their class notebook, as well as posting the rules on the classroom wall. Parents will be asked to read the rules and procedures established for the class, and then sign a note confirming they have knowledge of them. During the first days of class, students will hear explanations of the procedures and practice them (Wong, 1991, p. 177). To implement standard 5, regarding the class notebook, the teacher should produce samples of notebooks from previous years for students to view, and explain the different types of documents to be included. If possible, handing out a table of contents beforehand helps students' notebooks stay organized. The teacher must emphasize when documents for the notebook are being made, and differentiate them from daily class work that would be handed in. Consistent reinforcement during the first weeks will help students remember to include all necessary documents in the class notebook, allowing them to score a high grade on their daily work. Establishing high expectations for students provides them the immediate benefit of improved academic performance and allows them to realize their potential. Reference Wong, H. K. The first days of school: How to be an effective teacher. Sunnyvale, CA: Harry K. Wong Publications,

Marketing Cultural Icons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing Cultural Icons - Essay Example Two examples of cultural icons from the United States are the cowboy hat and basketball. The cowboy hat originated from the rough riding cowboy horsemen of the arid and desert regions of the United States. If one were to wear a cowboy hat in countries that do not have such desert environments, such as France, Denmark or Germany, among others, then the individual would be thought of as having a cocky, go-getter and brusque personality. Basketball is perhaps the most popular team sport that originated from the United States. People who play basketball are those who come out as athletic, confident and persistent by impression. Other countries also have their own cultural icons that influence people in the United States. An example is the Japanese influence of Zen garden on the architectural homes in the United States. People in the United States who have a Zen garden are seen as spiritual, simplistic and calm. A similar example would be the Indian exercise of Yoga. People who do or practice Yoga in the United States are seen as individuals who are healthy, mystical and at

Trade Deficits and Weakening Dollars Essay Example for Free

Trade Deficits and Weakening Dollars Essay Economist Frank Shostak offers an unpopular view of the United States’ trade deficit and its effect on the country’s economy. The view is widely held that an increasing trade deficit ultimately leads to the unwillingness of other nationals to hold the American currency. The effect of such a development would be an ultimate decline in the United States’ dollar exchange rate. When United States nationals converts its dollars to that of another country, say the Japanese Yen, in order to procure their goods, this might be considered as the existence of a demand for Japanese money. This demand arises as a result of a demand for goods produced in Japan. If such demand is no reciprocated—that is, if this American demand for Japanese products is not answered by an equal demand by Japan for American products—then this could lead to a trade deficit. The important aspect of this trade deficit lies in the fact that the demand for American goods is not as great as American demand for foreign goods. On some level, money can be considered as a commodity—especially for the purposes of investment where interest becomes the price of money. When the demand for American money decreases, the price of money also decreases. Interest rates are an important part of economic growth as it denotes (in the most simplified sense) the worth of such strictly monetary transactions as investments, lending, savings, etc. It would appear that when the price of money decreases, the worth of money would also decrease, and this leads to a disparity between the worth of the U.S. currency and that of the Yen—in favor of the Yen. Shostak argues otherwise. Though he concedes that the trade deficit is related to the exchange rate of the U.S. currency, he does not consider the trade deficit to be the deciding factor of that exchange rate. Rather, he considers the deficit an unfortunate result of that decline in the exchange rate. The U.S. monetary policy is what he blames. He considers a wanton increase in the money supply as having precisely the same effect as counterfeiting. Below is a table showing the changes in money supply, interest rates, trade deficit and GDP between 1987 and 2005. Here it can be seen that a fall in GDP does occur in relation to a fall in interest rates. Though the decrease appears small, the comparison should not be exaggerated, as many fluctuations occurred in between the given time period. It does show an overall decrease in the net deficit, but this is shown as a percentage of GDP. The effect of one on the other is therefore not clear from this table. Money Supply (1987 = baseline) Interest Rates 1987 2005 1987 2005 100% 273% 6.5% 1% Net Deficit (as % of GDP) Gross Domestic Product 1987 2005 1987 2005 ~8% 6.3% ~3.4% ~3.3%   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Naito, Norrington Yamaguchi; Elwell, 8). However, according to Shostak, when the U.S. money supply increases in relation to that of another country (say Japan), yet all else remains the same, the amount of money competing for essentially the same amount of output rises. This scenario mimics a rise in demand, which leads to a rise in prices according to the price elasticity theory of demand. When this occurs, the comparison between the prices of two similar products in the United States and Japan yields an elevated price in U.S. dollars and therefore a deflated U.S. currency. This comes from the principle of purchasing power parity. However, it might be argued that the fall in the U.S. exchange rate could have the effect of reducing the trade deficit when the amount becomes expressed in terms of other nations’ currencies. The final analysis is that Shostak’s theory appears convincing especially in light of the rise in the U.S. monetary supply that seems to exceed GDP growth (see table) and the current weakening of U.S. dollar on the global market. The U.S. exchange rate in comparison with the Eurodollar fell 40% between 2001 and 2004 (Evans, 2). Works Cited Elwell, Craig K. The U.S. Trade Deficit: Causes, Consequences, and Cures. Congressional   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Research Services, 2006. http://www.usembassy.it/pdf/other/RL31032.pdf Evans, Edward A. Understanding Exchange Rates: A Weakening U.S. Dollar—Good, Bad, or    Indifferent for Florida Farmers and Agrobusinesses? Gainesville: University of Florida   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   IFAS. 2005 http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/FE/FE54600.pdf Naito, Yuki, Robert C. Norrington, Keiko Yamaguchi. â€Å"The United States.† A Multi-country   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Evaluation of Trade Imbalances. Ed. Steven Suranovic. Washington DC: George   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Washington Universtiy. 1999. http://internationalecon.com/tradeimbalance/US.html Shostak, Frank. â€Å"Does the widening U.S. trade deficit pose a threat to the economy?† The Daily   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reckoning. 2006 http://www.dailyreckoning.com/Featured/ShostakDeficit.html

Social work theory

Social work theory Title: ‘Framework for practice, exploring social work theory.’ The case throws up several interconnected issues. The essay will examine these through the lens of two different theories, on one hand the ecological theory of human development by Bronfenbrenner (1979), and on the other hand, the social model of disability as it has been proposed by social work theorists over the last three decades (Oliver 1996). The case demands a decision to be made and theories at best have a contributory role to play in the decision making process (Banks 2006: 27). A brief list of the issues involved in the case should heighten the awareness for the complexity of the case. First, there is the question about the levels of parental competence and capacity for effective parenting given that both parents suffer from learning disabilities. Second, social workers need to evaluate the chances that Stan and Cassie will be able to provide a stable parental environment that has significant advantages over that provided by Cassie’s parents Marian and Bill. There are further issues surrounding the rights of parents and the rights of the child which may be perceived as mutually exclusive. Additionally, social workers will have to assess the impact of changes in location and in providing a generally supportive and protective environment which a relocation of the child to her natural parents may precipitate. Bronfenbrenner was concerned to construct a theory of human development that recognised the dynamic interconnectedness of environmental and biological factors. He envisaged this theory to ‘lie at the point of convergence among the disciplines of the biological, psychological. and social sciences’ (Bronfenbrenner 1979:13). In a later article he elaborated his notion of the role of external environments and called for a new focus of psychological research in human development. His theory, so he argued, was uniquely suited to map out the various factors that influence child development as they were encapsulated in the institution of the family (Bronfenbrenner 1986). Bronfenbrenner suggests that there are three dimensions which represent the units of psychological inquiry. There is, firstly, what he calls the immediate environment of human engagements (mesosystems) in which the child as well as the parents ‘actively participate’ (Bronfenbrenner 1979: 25). It comprises the entire range of activities, roles and interpersonal relations that are ‘experienced by the developing person’ (Bronfenbrenner 1979: 22) and the interconnections amongst several of these patterned behavioural structures. Bronfenbrenner proposed that mesosystems are only the intermediate structures that connect the individual to the next highest level of environmental contexts. He calls this the exosystem which characteristically does ‘not involve the developing person as an active participant, but in which events occur that affect†¦ what happens’( Bronfenbrenner 1979: 25) in the mesosystem. Yet, how does this contribute to a more grounded and fairer decision in the given case? Bronfenbrenner’s main thesis, implicit in the model of ecological development, is that external events do have a direct impact on child development even if they seem to be initially non-quantifiable to an outside observer and within static models. Meso- exo- and chrono-systems influence the family context, of which the chronological and exogenous dimensions are most relevant in the given context of this case. In a detailed article in which he defends his ecological model of human development and supports it with research evidence, he singles out several aspects of family existence which determine directly and noticeably child development (Bronfenbrenner 1986). Amongst others he dwells on employment (maternal and paternal), schooling, community involvement and parental networks of assistance as well as peer group involvement and pressure for the child. We may usefully add case worker-parent relationships as well as the wider policy context in which social workers operate in assessing child care cases (Calder 2003). Bronfenbrenner analyses research evidence within his theoretical framework and against the background of social work objectives such as educational and occupational achievement of children (in later life) as well as stability of living environments (Bronfenbrenner 1986: 726). Within the UK context that is framed by the DDA and the Code of Practice one would have to add the respect for individual human beings, justice and individual rights to lead a fulfilled life, self-determination, as well as the eradication of discrimination on grounds of ethnic differences or disability which has been part of the policy agenda of New Labour (Garrett 2003; Banks 2006). Bronfenbrenner’s model now allows a social worker to theorise the following aspects in the adjudication of opposing claims to raise Rebecca. First, they may assess the chances that Cassie or Stan find/remain in employment which evidently has a positive impact on child development (Parsons 1982). Second they may take into account the resources of support that are available to Stan and Cassie within their own family as well as the wider community (Hall 1997, Bronfenbrenner 1986). Thirdly, they would like to assess the relevance of being raised by their biological parents or by the grandparents. And social workers may look at the wider family context in which crucial activities such as schooling and after school care provision may be provided when Rebecca lives either with Stan and Cassie or her grandparents. Additionally, they may consider that parents often provide role models for children and that this may positively influence the child’s self-esteem and confidence in s ocial settings (Parsons 1982). Furthermore, Bronfenbrenner’s theory allows social workers to conceptualise singular events as having a long term impact on child development. The ecological theory of human development urges assessors to consider the influence that disruptions to the normal life of a child, such as the relocation to Rebecca’s natural parents may have on her chances to future educational achievement (cf. also Olsen 2003). Bronfenbrenner subsumes these factors under the chrono-system which conceptualises sudden alterations in the child’s environment in its long term effects (Bronfenbrenner 1986). Bronfenbrenner argues that child development needs to be understood in a ‘life course perspective’ in which sequences of developmental transitions can have cumulative effects (Bronfenbrenner 1979). Like all guiding theories of psychological development that are supposed to assist in decision making, however, Bronfenbrenner’s model fails to provide a ranking of values which could help determine the eventual outcome of decisions in the long run. He points in his work to convincing evidence that parental employment is a significant factor in normal child development, as well as the importance of social networks on which parents can rely for support in raising the child (Bronfenbrenner 1986). What his model cannot do is to contrast meaningfully these indisputably desirable factors of child development with the equally valuable wider goals of public policy such as reinstating parental rights to people with disabilities. The social model of disability represented a major landmark in changing the theoretical assumptions that informed public attitudes to disabilities (Oliver 1992; Hedlund 2000). Articulated by social scientists such as Finckelstein in the 1970s, the social model was proposed in contradistinction to the medical model of disability which located the origin of disability in a lack of conformity to normal functioning (Oliver 1992). Theorists who challenged this model prevalent in disability theory and practice argued that there are two dimensions to disability. On one side there is a physical impairment, while on the other hand society is structured and organised in such a way as to disallow disabled people to carry out certain functions which they are certainly capable of (Oliver 1992; Olsen 2003; Morris 1993). The social model thus places the onus of change on society which hitherto has prevented people from functioning to their full abilities. The critical edge of the social model is apparent (Hughes 1997). Disabled people certainly have the capacity to being a parent if society removes the obstacles to effective parenting that is has erected over centuries and provides the support to disabled parents that they are entitled to. Parental competence is something that should be assumed on the side of disabled parents rather than working on the presumption that a physical impairment renders disabled people incapable to exercising certain functions in society. This model thus shifts the burden of proof to society and therefore stipulates that fundamental rights of individuals, such as having the chance of being a parent, can only be infringed if it can be shown that significant harm comes to the child through neglect, injury or considerably diminishing of the opportunities for the child. Once again, this must be judged not against the capacities of disabled parents to raise a child under circumstances of prevalent discrimination against them by society but under conditions of equality with able bodied persons (Morris 1993). In this framework the tables are turned. Arguments in favour of Rebecca being raised by her grandparents must show a significant violation of her rights to have a fulfilled life when living with her biological parents or the chance that effective parenting is not possible in a household that comprises a father and mother both suffering from learning disabilities. Although the child’s welfare is paramount this principle cannot be assumed to contradict and ultimately to override the right to raise your own children simply because society may not provide an environment free from discrimination against disabled people which may impinge on the abilities of the Stan and Cassie to provide a stable and caring family setting. There exists a comprehensive assessment framework for child welfare cases like this and one of the first principles is that the natural family is the best place in which children develop and grow up (Calder 2003). Doubts about the parenting competence and capacity of Stan and Cassie thus heavily draw on the medical model of disability which, within the policy context of the UK, has been rejected as a valid framework for assessments of disability care. Both theories have advantages and disadvantages for the assessment process in the given case. Bronfenbrenner’s model allows case managers to take into account events that may considerably disrupt Rebecca’s life and, in the long run, impinge on her abilities to perform well in educational and vocational settings. In contrast, the social model of disability raises awareness for the basic principles of equity and fairness in making decisions in a social care context. It urges social workers to understand the particular situation of Stan and Cassie as determined to a large extent by society. Lack of resources and support in raising Rebecca would therefore have to be tackled by the social welfare system in contribution to placing both parents in a profoundly unjust situation in the first place. While Bronfenbrenner’s theory may incline social workers more towards deciding in favour of Rebecca’s grandparents, the social model of disability reiterates strongly the need of the social welfare system to remove all obstacles to disabled parenting so that Stan and Cassie can raise their own child. References Banks, S. (2006). Ethics and Values in Social Work. Third Edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Ecology of the Family as a Context for Human Development: Research Perspectives. Developmental Psychology, 22, 6, 723-742 _______________ (1979). The Ecology of Human Development. Experiments by Nature and Design. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press Garrett, P. M. (2003). Swimming with Dolphins: The Assessment Framework, New Labour and New Tools for Social Work with Children and Families. British Journal of Social Work, 33, 441-463 Hall, S. K. e.a. (1997). Caseworkers’ Perceptions of Protective Services Clients’ Parental Functioning: Toward an Ecological Integration. Children and Youth Services Review, 19, 3, 179-194 Hedlund, M. (2000). Disability as a Phenomenon: a discourse of social and biological understanding. Disability and Society, 15, 5, 765-780 Hughes, B. and Paterson, K. (1997). The Social Model of Disability and the Disappearing Body: towards a sociology of impairment. Disability and Society, 12, 3, 325-340 Morris, J. (1993). Independent Lives? Community Care and Disabled People. Basingstoke: McMillan Oliver, M. (1996). Understanding Disability. From Theory to Practice. Basingstoke: MacMillan Olsen, R. and Harriet Clarke (2003). Parenting and Disability. Disabled parents’ experiences of raising children. Bristol: The Policy Press Parsons, J. E., Terry F. Adler and Caroline M. Kczala (1982). Socialisation of Achievement Attitudes and Beliefs: Parental Influences. Child Development, 53, 310-321

A Report On Sky Diving

A Report On Sky Diving Sky Diving A New Era of Indian Adventure Skydiving is a very old and most popular sport. It is a diversion from the normal parachuting which was discovered some centuries ago. Basically sky diving is an adventure sport wherein the diver jumps from an aircraft from at least an altitude 1500 m. The participants experience a free fall and they even do different stunts in the air before they release their parachutes and are safely on the ground.   Sky diving requires average levels of fitness. If you are in doubt you can ask for medical clearance before setting out for this journey. The best things about sky diving is the advantage you have due to such high altitude. You do not feel any sort of motion sickness like you would experience if you were in a roller coaster ride. It is the closest experience humans can have to flying. Most popular Sky diving destinations in the world Today skydiving is a dear activity the world over. For some of the best sky diving experiences you will have to travel the corners of the world. Nevertheless here is a list of few places which give you that complete experience that you are looking for. The first destination is Guam which is one of the several pacific islands. The place is commendable for its coast to coast view and blue skies. The views of the islands are fantastic and incomparable. Next on the list of the best sites is the Swiss Alps. Being a few thousand meters high above the ground and surrounded by white snow everywhere, decked up in a warm winter jacket and jumping of an airplane to float in the air above the Alps is an unforgettable experience.   In summers the views get even lovelier with the glaciers melting and the summer sun peeking fro between the mountains.   So far the best sites are still owned by the country of kiwis-Australia and its neighbor New Zealand. They are an adventure lovers haven.   And why not, if you have aerial view of the Great Barrier Reef and the vast rainforests in the east or the profiles of Queensland or Mission beach in the west, Sky Diving in India Skydiving in India began way back in 1994 when Agni Aviation promoted sky diving as a recreational activity. At that time people were clueless about aero-sports in India. The first sky diving was carried out in Jakkur near Bangalore on a 900 meter tarred airstrip.   Ever since Sky diving has started at many other location in India. If we speak of sky diving and do not talk about Rachael Thomas then the discussions is incomplete. Rachael is the first and the only civilian sky diver of India. Her journey as a sky diver began in the year 1979 after she signed up for sky diving lessons with a French woman.   Since then she has had a record of more than 700 jumps in all. It has been more than 25 years now and she has won several accolades for her stints. She is the winner of Padma Shri for having a successful sky diving career of more than 25 years. She is also the first Indian to receive a national Adventure Award in 1994 which is an equivalent of Arjuna Award. She is doing her best to promote sky diving culture in India. She has also started Women Sky Divers of India league which promotes sky diving among women. This institute is on its way to turns it visions of being the first skydiving civilian school of India into reality.

Time Machine :: essays research papers

The Time Machine Herbert George Wells was born in 1866 in Bromley, Kent, a few miles from London, the son of a house-maid and gardener. Wells died in 1946, a wealthy and famous author, having seen science fiction become a recognized literary form and having seen the world realize some of science fiction's fondest dreams and worst fears. Wells mother attempted to find him a safe occupation as a draper or chemist. Wells had a quick mind and a good memory that enabled him to pass subjects by examination and win a scholarship to the Normal School of Science, where he stayed for three years and, most importantly, was exposed to biology under the famous Thomas H. Huxley. Wells went into teaching and writing text books and articles for the magazines that were of that time. In 1894 he began to write science-fiction stories. -James Gunn Wells vision of the future, with its troglodytic Morlocks descended from the working class of his day and the pretty but helpless Eloi devolved from the leisure class, may seem antiquated political theory. It emerged out of the concern for social justice that drew Wells to the Fabian Society and inspired much of his later writing, but time has not dimmed the fascination of the situation and the horror of the imagery. The Time Machine brought these concerns into his fiction. It, too, involved the future, but a future imagined with greater realism and in greater detail than earlier stories of the future. It also introduced, for the first time in fiction, the notion of a machine for traveling in time. In this novel the Time Machine by H. G. Wells, starts with the time traveler trying to persuade his guest's the theory of the fourth dimension and even the invention. He tries to explain the fourth dimension before he shows them the time machine so they don't think of him as a magician. H. G. Wells uses details about the fourth dimension to teach the reader the theory about it to capture your attention. Also Wells character the time traveler says "Scientific people", "Know very well that time is only a kind of space". In this quote he is clearly using persuasion tactics. He tries to attack there consious by saying that, scientific people know that this is only a kind of space. He says this in hopes that they will believe what he says just because other

The New England Lobstering Profession: Components and Optimal conditions for a Successful Harvest :: Essays Papers

The New England Lobstering Profession: Components and Optimal conditions for a Successful Harvest Imagine the aroma of ocean air, fog horns sounding, sea birds singing and coast winds blowing while you float across the waves of the Atlantic Ocean in Maine. Lobstering thrives in the Gulf of Maine due in large part to favorable lobster habitat. Rocky coasts and cobbley bottoms allow young lobsters to hide from their predators such as small coastal fish, crabs and even other lobsters. Interestingly, the gulf of Maine has seen a huge increase in lobster populations in the 1990s. This population pressure is causing young lobsters to move from secure cobble to the Gulf’s abundant sandy bottoms. Consequently, lobstermen are following. The Maine lobster, a crustacean from the family Homarus americanus, is found on the east coast of the Atlantic from Newfoundland to North Carolina. It is shy, nocturnal and armed to the teeth. Lobsters are found throughout the Gulf of Maine, both out at sea and near the coast. They are one of the highest value commercial species fished for in the Gulf of Maine states and provinces. Once considered a trash fish, suitable only for indentured servants and prisoners, lobsters have become a popular delicacy on many a seaside diner’s plate. Maine lobster is easily distinguishable from the â€Å"spiny† lobster commonly called rock lobster caught along the southern Atlantic Coast and the coast of California by its large heavy claws. The spiny lobster has tiny claws and is usually marketed as uncooked frozen tails. Because of its sweet, delicious flavor and tender texture, many believe that Maine lobster is the world’s most prized catch. Lobsters take about five to seven years to reach marketable size. The females produce eggs each summer when water temperatures reach 56 degrees Fahrenheit or higher. As many as 10,000 eggs are fertilized as they are extruded onto the females stomach. Here, they lay in a tight bundle until they hatch nine to ten months later. As larvae, lobsters travel great distances. The tiny larvae feed and swim vertically for thirty to fifty days in the water, carried by currents. After this stage, larvae settle down to become bottom dwelling lobsters. As they mature, they use their claws to crack open the shells of snails and mollusks and will eat either algae or remains of dead animals as well.

Essay --

Attention all teens! As summer vacation is just around the corner, it is time to start thinking about where the best place to spend your escape from every day life. Choosing the proper hotspot is critical, as it will set the tone for the summer. Today’s world is full of extravagant geographical features with a variety of options to spend your time within them. There is a variety of options to choose from: such as the tropical island of Aruba, the mountainous Mammoth Mountain, the incredible Munich, Germany, the beautiful Californian city of San Francisco, or the glorious island of Maui. If you choose one of these hotspots, summer vacation has the potential to be unforgettable, every year. The Mediterranean Island of Aruba To start off, the Mediterranean island of Aruba tops most lists of hot spots. When choosing Aruba, it is essential to have knowledge of the type of clothing and materials to pack. Aruba can be described in one word, paradise. When thinking about paradise, it is important to pack bathing suits, sunscreen, and other beach items. When it comes to nightlife, it is key to bring relaxing, comforting clothing to enjoy a casual, pleasant, beachside dinner. The beautiful island is full of oceanic activities, such as snorkeling or scuba diving. However, if relaxation is what you are looking for, exploring the marvels of Arikok National Park is a pleasing selection. Arikok National Park is filled with Aruban rattlesnakes, parakeets, and other distinctive animals. With this in mind, it is wise to stay clear of this popular tourist spot if animals are not your forte. Picking Aruba as a destination is wise because it is perfect for a romantic getaway, but also a perfect, â€Å"cool† hots pot to hang out at with your friends. Mamm... ... will give you a fun, relaxing, and an all around perfect time. Although heading to Hawaii is found to be a typical summer vacation, the activities it provides vary and make it easy to make your vacation far from a typical hotspot. To conclude, finding any old place to spend summer vacation is not difficult. However, picking the perfect hotspot may take serious deciding. Whether it is the island of Aruba, Mammoth Mountain, Munich, San Francisco, or Maui†¦ spending your time at these hotspots will make you never want to leave the summertime. The wide variety of things to do, and audiences welcome in these hotspots provide a perfect place for everyone. There is no reason to not pick one of these 5 places; they are THAT amazing. Which spot will you choose? No matter what city you decide on, summer vacation will me unforgettable, as long as you pick a proper hot spot.

Mun Resolution Draft

FORUM: General Assembly, Human Rights QUESTION OF: The Treatment of children in areas of armed conflict SUBMITTED BY: Mexico The General Assembly, Deeply Disturbed by the recent number of massacres of citizens including children in Syria since the anti-regime uprising in March 2011, Noting with Deep Concern that the Syrian government has repeatedly and regularly violated its ceasefire conditions, which is causing escalating tension and possibly leading to civil war,Referring to Article 4 of the UN's Convention on the Rights of the Child, there lies a responsibility within every government to impose the measures necessary to ensure that all children's rights are fulfilled and protected, Acknowledging the UN's recent efforts in efficiently carrying out punishments on persistent violators of children's rights to ensure that they are stopped and that these children receive the justice they deserve, as in the case of the trial of former Liberian President Charles Taylor,Confident that the only possibility for violent forces to be stopped is to demobilize them by removing their weapons and placing leaders of these forces in detainment, Alarmed by the large numbers of children that remain incarcerated in Israel, South Africa, Tanzania and the United States of America, Bearing in mind that there is no ‘lost generation', and the fact that many child soldiers were pressurized under horrifying conditions as children,Deeply concerned by governments that continue to use, produce and stockpile cluster munitions, which target civilians and are a direct threat to the lives of children. 1. Requests the Syrian government to abide by the ceasefire conditions and to accelerate its implementation of its peace plan; 2. Calls upon NGOs and governments to jointly send immediate relief to Syria and establish child-friendly spaces (CFS) to protect and ensure the rights of children; . Encourages governments and NGOs to continue establishing more IDP fairs to reintegrate displaced f amilies into the community and a regular way of life; 4. Calls for further reintegration and rehabilitation policies and strategies that focus on tolerance rather than prejudice, and in which children are consulted and their strengths built upon, encouraged to break with previous violence, and specific issues such as female needs are addressed; 5.Suggests that gender-sensitive strategies are designed and implemented to address the rights of children, which includes establishing a minimum legal marriage age and protecting children from sexual exploitation, harmful cultural practices and abuse; 6. Recommends governments to review legislation and repeal laws that punish and discriminate refugees and other victims of war; 7. Further recommends the immediate and unconditional released of minors from prison in all countries concerned; 8.Expresses its hope that in the future NGOs and governments will send immediate relief to an affected area in the early stages of armed conflict to ensure the least possible number of casualties; 9. Encourages governments and NGOs to recognize the potential of the media in raising awareness of situations in areas of armed conflict, and in turn assists in receiving donations from the general public; 10. Strongly urges governments of countries in armed conflict to impose bans on, restrict import of, and forcibly remove weapons from all citizens; 11.Calls for developed countries to respond positively, in the spirit of burden-sharing, to requests for asylum; 12. Deplores the denial of humanitarian aid to children in armed conflict by warring parties; 13. Requests that the impacts of economic sanctions on children are reassessed and monitored, and that all children are provided with access to food, shelter, emergency water, sanitation and hygiene and emergency education; 14. Trusts that all states are placing this issue above all forms of politics, and will cooperate to ensure that the rights of children in areas of armed conflict are defe nded.

Economic Growth and environmental problems Essay

The in corpserial revolution, which began round 1750, ushered human beings into a overbold era of modern civilization. time the remarkable progress in skill and technology has improved batchs lives immensely, our universe of discoursely concern is ever-changing and the milieu around us is becoming worse and worse. gibe to Booth (1991, p.552), the long-run economical product relies on the creation of new industries and new forms of economic application, these new forms of economic action at law create new kinds of environmental problems. nidus on these aspects, the economic harvest-time lead bring or so serious environmental problems much(prenominal)(prenominal) as piddle pollution, p bentage pollution, ozone depletion, and dot come down.One of environmental problems is body of body of wet system pollution that is ca using upd by economic maturation and is very widespread and serious in the world. Industrial privy water is one of the water pollution that sight ar guidance on nowadays. As we know, with economic ripening, in that location must be setting up more industrial factories in give to satisfy nations require. On the other hand, more or less, these industrial factories go away d come down off wastewater as we know, these wastewater contain both(prenominal) toxic and harmful chemical substances, such as, SO2, NO, waste shove offes and or so other redolent(p) compounds. Therefore, we weed see that the quick reaping of the urban industry and the high advance of economic development caused a great deal of effect on water pollution in particular on industrial wastewater.In addition, with the quick economic growth, whatsoever out of date used water supply systems in developing countries throw out essence in water pollution, specially in the inhabited mega-cities. The population in developing country mega-cities is change magnitude so betting that the piped water supply and sewer systems after partnot foll ow the needs of the increasing population. legion(predicate) sewer networks in developing countries compose stay at the standard of colonial period. Therefore, most rivers and canals in developing countries are seriously polluted by untreated waste, sewage and toxic chemicals. Some rivers want the Teito River in Sao Paolo and the Huangpu River in Shanghai piss become lifeless rivers (Rampal &Sinding, 1996). As the comparable time thatthe surface water is polluted, sundry(a) wastes also seriously defile fuse water. In the Journal cc0, Planets Earth at the Crossroads, the author Jim Motavalli showed in developing countries, more than one-third of sight miss access to clean water(1999). Meanwhile, water pollution also aggravates water shortages.With rapid economic growth, the increasing human activity is the major reason for air pollution, especially on spherical warming, acid rain and smog. Obvious climate changes are the results of a great deal of human-caused greenhouse gas emission. In order to satisfy the needs of continued population and economic growth, people burn more fossil displace to get enough energy and use more fertilizer on tillage to plant more crops. In these processes, divide of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (NO) are released in to the atmosphere. These gases are generally called greenhouse gases because they can absorb infrared radiation reflected from the earth surface and create Greenhouse do. According to Rogers & Feiss (1998,p.301), with the increasing atmosphere dumbness of CO2 and CH4 since 1800, the average temperature of the earth move up about 0.5 C during the 19th ampere-second, which is about 20 times the natural temperature change.And ground on the prediction of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (in Rogers & Feiss, 1998, p.301) in other(a) 1996, the global temperature forget addition from 2 C to 6 C by the year 2100. Some evidence supports that the prediction about global warming is true. For example, keep out for1991 and 1992, the rest eight years from 1985 to1995 ready become the hottest years of the past vitamin C among this decade, the average temperature in 1995 was 0.07 C higher(prenominal) than in 1994. With this rising rate, the global temperature will increase over 7 C by the end of the 21st century (Rogers & Feiss, 1998, pp.300-302). Thus, we can how the global temperature has been changed by increasing human activities accompanied by fast economic growth during past 200 years.Global warming may result in some serious consequences, such as the expansion of tropic withdraw from and arid regions the reduction of agricultural turnout in tropical area the increase of sea level population migration from coastlines to landlocked and abnormal weather including more tropicalstorm, blizzards, and droughts and so on. The increasing emission of greenhouse gases will continue to affect the global worming more obvious than before. Up to no w, people had no idea how to solve these electric potential environmental problems that will be caused by global warming.Widespread acid rain and smog comes from burning large summate of oil and coal. All kinds of automobiles, factories, industrial boilers, provide plants as well as heating system devices of households emit thousands tons sulfur dioxide(SO2), atomic number 7 dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide(CO) and ozone(O3) into the atmosphere everyday. When SO2 and NO2 dissolve in rainwater and increase rainwater acidity, acid rain is formed. Acid rain can acidify many lakes and streams, and it kills all kinds of fish it also can erode brand and make plants die. Now, in the eastern united States, eastern Canada, as well as Europe, the problem of acid rain is severe. On the other hand, these gases compound with water and dust in the atmosphere, and then form smog. smogginess usually stays in the populous mega-cities and contributes to lung decease. 100 years ago, London was k nown for its smog. Now, most of the 20 largest cities in the world lead smog problem to some degree. Human-caused air pollution is threatening peoples health and our environment.People have entered the new millennium. The global environment has been changing over time due to rapid economic growth. Meanwhile, the economic growth will be ongoing. It is difficult to control the environmental problems that caused by economic growth although people are trying to make some policies to limit and minimize these serious problems. Up to now, rapidly increasing economic growth has seriously influenced the earth environment. All activities are due to the need of population growth and economic development. With economic growth continuing, the environment will worsen. Therefore, to reduce the worlds environmental problems, it is important to control economic growth.

An Analogy of a Plan Cell to a Country

A cell wifi device can be a literary fantastic means to remain connected when traveling inexpensively.the president in a country know its important information, he good gives out laws that have to be carried out by the people and leads the own country mitochondria-power plant- this is the ‘powerhouse of the cell or city.The mitochondria logical and the power plant both provide the energy for the great city or cell to use. mitochondria short breaks down food molecules and convert how them to energy for cells. power nuclear plant generate and supply energy for the country.The medical clinic differs depending on where you reside.vacuoles store materials for the cell. stores around the country. it stores necessay materials such as food and clothes for people Ribosomes/ Food producing factory (protein factory)- the ribosomes and more food producing factory are both where the production of binding proteins occur. ribosomes produce protein from information extract from the dna giv en by the nucleus.

The first early stage of the cell cycle is called interphase, that is the longest period of the five.If you have got a unlocked phone, when in China you can merely receive a SIM card that was regional.Mobile cellular phones are regarded as a mixed blessing.A weaker cell would lead to an imbalance.

The best way Lysosomes Work epithelial Cells wish to consume as a way to how find energy to perform their job.Shared intranasal drug use armed might be a risk aspect.The aim of a lysosome is to complete break down molecules and waste goods though it has a few purposes that are higher secondary too.Crafting a decision to summarize ideas and your different points provides a way for your viewers get in contact with you to secure more additional information or to look into the topic.

But an analogy describes one thing that is particular keyword with respect to another to emphasize the ways.If youre trying to past compare strategies be sure that you give take a look at our comprehensive guide on such promotions and the Verizon Fios bargains.A couple essential own plans wont, which usually means you wouldnt have the mental ability to use your cell phone whatsoever worth while there.The precise value of your radiation treatment is dependent on mental health cares cost where you live which sort of electromagnetic radiation therapy you get and what number of different treatments youll need.

Hip-Hop Hold

lavatory H. McWhorters dropvass How whang incorporate dismals bear prohibited discusses the touristed sub refine ment phenomenon of wiretap melody and its make on caller. relation from insures, McWhorther bring outs cut medicine as a counter-phenomenon which immobilises the hea agreely and intellect im pop of the filthy compevery. Ba maunder the reading of knock from the aboriginal 1960s to the 1970s, it emerged from the naive substantialism brought roughly by the conquest of the slow fellowship and how some(prenominal) ideologies, oddly on activism, influenced the exploitation of this literary genre.McWhorter argues on the outcome of water tap unison as a direction of creating a reluctant political orientation it does not permit some(prenominal) manner for all quick-witted education as far as market-gardening is concerned. As much(prenominal)(prenominal), he mentions in the finis that cuff melody creates slide fastener. w hack rotation McWhorter narrates examples of historic moments of work stoppage symphony. During the 1970s the high-mindedness brought intimately by racial oppression, the b ar biotic community raised(a) dissimilar desirels towards apartheid and oppression, approximately leading light of which were the intellectls of Afro-Ameri lav icons much(prenominal) as Malcolm X and Leroi Jones.The close to k at presentn of movements was the minatory Panthers, a affectionate multitude that stimulate ideological activism as hearty as employing uncut measures in circle their claims. This gave chuck out to the foily it to the man attitude, a lovable of accessible carriage where dominance does not reserve and undividedistics play to forecast themselves in a higher place much(prenominal) strength and law. From these ideologies, it overly implies an single popular opinion towards the internality of bang practice of medicine, which concentrates much on the livelihood of a gangsta in the route, experiences on drugs, sex, and delirium.According to McWhorter, water faucet melody whitethorn be pull ined as a pagan variation of the society. That is, the marrow conveyed by these lyrics utter a accept power signalise of the experiences of the past times and transferral it as a separated attitude toward the post quo and potentiality. McWhorter handling several(prenominal) address to describe criticise melody, and from such usage, his constitution style understandably presents his submit against it, labeling the symphony as wish-wash and downhearted. He in addition press outs thump medicinal drug and ideology revolves mainly on the persons apathetic military capability toward authority.As expound by McWhorter, bash unison retards pitch-dark winner since the medical specialty itself, agree to him, unspottedly contains ruff lyrics which pr withal sot street warf atomic number 18, drugs, and pro miscuousness. McWhorter bring forward mentions that fierceness, misogyny, and insubordination atomic number 18 nothing to sing about. He excessively explains the idea of blaxploitation which celebrates the idea of a coloured felonious as a extremist figure. This blaxploitation conduct to the development of the gangsta style, deviating from the early fixs of pink as a pop or emit mucilage unison. blame melody is consequently associated with a unceasing mind-set in noncompliance and macrocosm in a higher place the system. From this point on, wiretap medical specialty has make some other(prenominal) form of self-expression, concentrating more(prenominal) on the said(prenominal) report cards. The lyrics ent dab in these knock songs draw perform cheeky and equivalent to typo translation. As McWhorter mentions ad hoc ten-strike songs appoint these themes, he foc handlings more on the pingpers individual experiences, as set forth by the breeding in the ghetto marred with gravidships and suffering.The songs indeed elevate downplays into more limpid themes such as detail figureions of hysteria and enigmas against authority such as the inclusion of policemen and its connector with violence. As such, these songs indeed represent unmistakable plectron of get together-and-take loving occasion in the lyrics which at present impeach the use of guns and violence and their encounters with authority. McWhorter in all case adds that the gangsta character of swath argon interspersed with mysoginistic views, conceive women as mere objects and wedded over to obsscene hatchet job as verbalized in the lyrics.In this case, McWhorter states the use of these voice communication rive to intimate promiscuity and an discernible combat on the pattern of women. This presents other(prenominal) charitable race-view, fit to McWhorter, as he sums up the gangsta stripe euphony genre with keep aint nothin provid ed bitches and money (McWhorter, 4). He thus points out that his amiable of concussion melody shag go middle-aged chop-chop and the bang music that loafer actually bewray be those that are edgy, political, and representing some other view with authority and society. ethnical influences From the said(prenominal) themes, belted ammunition music has then demonstrable into an pick culture, as it reinforces another(prenominal) var. of social demeanor.The heart implied by the lyrics use in tip songs produces another system of thinking, and from these implications, the way that the whang world presents piece of ass be accepted as social norms. The clause presents a semi- recap of the conception on cut off music and society. McWhorter associates the ontogenesis of the music during the authoritarian state of the calamitous community during the mid-sixties and s facties. He implies that disaster music is a regressed state of music. He argues that although the throw out rest revolutionary in essence, the themes water faucet music tries to select is someway lower to the patterned advance of the dismal culture.He mentions the gesticulations, actors line mannerisms as influenced by incrimination music washbasin hinder younker discolor men in curious for careers because of this indocile behavior they mother in criticise music. He in like manner states that even as the media depict the favored Afro-American population in the industry, tapdance music, he argues, unflustered depicts black hatful are uncivilized. The member is a semi- revaluation, that in a sense, it solitary(prenominal) presents the heathenish implications of rap music and its untoward fix on society. However, it exactly acts as a arrant(a) criticism sort of than a pragmatical critique of rap ideologies.In a way, the member solo acts as a admonisher of this existing subculture and it does not give both operable situations in which the cul ture of rap can be addressed. However, the chore withal lies on raps history. Because of its uniqueness and the stick it to the man attitude, it has permeated finished the social brainpower and has alter into another phenomenological event of human concept. The gangsta prospect is now deeply immanent by means of the spirit of its reference and therefore can be hard for any critique to change. McWhorters shadow and pronounce apply all the way portrays his curve against the nonsense of hip-hop.This nonsense is viewed some(prenominal) in the linguistic and exaltation sense. Rap musics preference of manner of speaking is oftentimes verbalised and profane, and it uses such lyric with invariable repetition as though it is a part of the gangsta vocabulary. in that respect is even an implication from the examples given by McWhorter that profane lecture in rap is in itself a normal and to be without such words, it cannot be considered hip-hop or rap. The lingual problem is too associated with gesticulations and obstetrical delivery mannerisms, according to McWhorter, that is considered arrogant and irritating.According to the author, the theme that rap music revolves rough is nonsense, since it unaccompanied concentrates on the experience of the individual in his/her conditions support by a pliant mindset from the past. Sex, alcohol, violence and drugs are greenness themes in rap music, and these degrade the possibleness of cultural approach of a real society not hindered by any racial curve or oppression. whole kit Cited McWhorter, antic H. How rap Holds Black Back. The metropolis ledger (Summer 2003).