A Town Like Alice: Discussion :: essays research papers

A township Like Alice DiscussionEven though cultures differ, people argon elementaryally the same.This is a literary argument that dep finales a spread on what you mean with basically. I thinkpeople argon pretty much the same all around the world simply and they definitelycould end up being almost the same if they was raised in exactly the same commissionand had the exact same possibilities in life.If the basic characteristics are those you necessitate when youre new-borned then Ithink its obvious that they are almost the same, some things are of coursegenetic hardly I debate that the main carve up depends on your way of living.Its not only the culture that matters but also the religion and the type ofcountry you live in. These two course affects culture a lot and the cultureaffects them so there are no sharp limit between them.An example from the book is the Australians, whose culture is alternatively close tothe English, but there are few Englishmen who would have liked the loneliness inthe big country Australia, and even fewer Australians, (I think), would feel easy in the crowd England.Another example in the book that is more about religion and culture is theJapanese soldier who walked with the girls in Malaya when they got the stolenpoultry from Joe. The soldier is abused by his captain and he finds it sohumiliating that he looses his will to live. When hes infected by the fever hedoesnt fight it and he dies. This is a mentality that is or maybe was verycommon in Japan. A person from the west would never feel so bad about loosinghis slope as a man from Japan.The differences between cultures can be something that maybe some of the personswould like to change if they got the possibilities but it has never occurred tothem to do so because they are used to the way it is. In the book this is foundamongst the Malayan women that has to work on the fields, look after the kidsand sleep on the floor.I dont think that they would necessity to be subdue by the men , but they are tooused to it change it.What Im trying to say with this essay is that you cant tell if people are theA Town Like Alice Discussion essays research papers A Town Like Alice DiscussionEven though cultures differ, people are basically the same.This is a statement that depends a lot on what you mean with basically. I thinkpeople are pretty much the same all around the world but and they definitelycould end up being almost the same if they was raised in exactly the same wayand had the exact same possibilities in life.If the basic characteristics are those you have when youre new-borned then Ithink its obvious that they are almost the same, some things are of coursegenetic but I believe that the main part depends on your way of living.Its not only the culture that matters but also the religion and the type ofcountry you live in. These two naturally affects culture a lot and the cultureaffects them so there are no sharp limit between them.An example from the bo ok is the Australians, whose culture is rather close tothe English, but there are few Englishmen who would have liked the loneliness inthe big country Australia, and even fewer Australians, (I think), would feelcomfortable in the crowded England.Another example in the book that is more about religion and culture is theJapanese soldier who walked with the girls in Malaya when they got the stolenpoultry from Joe. The soldier is abused by his captain and he finds it sohumiliating that he looses his will to live. When hes infected by the fever hedoesnt fight it and he dies. This is a mentality that is or maybe was verycommon in Japan. A person from the west would never feel so bad about loosinghis face as a man from Japan.The differences between cultures can be something that maybe some of the personswould like to change if they got the possibilities but it has never occurred tothem to do so because they are used to the way it is. In the book this is foundamongst the Malayan women that has to work on the fields, look after the kidsand sleep on the floor.I dont think that they would want to be repressed by the men , but they are tooused to it change it.What Im trying to say with this essay is that you cant tell if people are the

Human Nature :: essays research papers

Human NatureAfter reading Bobby Anne Masons short story, Shiloh, I discovered her overall purpose for writing it. This essay discusses the overall purpose she employ to write Shiloh, as well as what incites into human spirit that she offers us through her characters. This essay will use specific examples from the story to convey Masons point.The character Leroy, was a victim of a channel accident, and is drastically changing his life style because of it. He made many promises to his wife Norma Jean when they got married at the age of 18. He couldnt charter these promises because of the long hours he had as a truck driver. Since he would be home a lot more after the accident, he wants to build a cabin for Norma Jean, something that he promised her since the day they got married. Norma Jean doesnt want the house she has constantly dreamed about or even want Leroys company. change surface though the couple has been married several years Leroy is aware of the several differences they have. Norma Jean has a lot of knowledge about cosmetics, and Leroy thinks fondly of the other oil color products-axel grease and diesel fluid when she talks about her cosmetics. He thinks his being home a lot more, would allow for new marriage, or fresh start. even Norma Jean doesnt share the same feeling about the comeback. She never complained about his traveling and long absences but also is not celebrating his permanent homecoming very happily. Sometimes when she comes home, she is startled to see her husband, and sometimes looks disappointed. Leroys newly occurring presence has allowed Norma Jean to realize that she doesnt love her husband like she used to. As for Leroy he can now appreciate what his wife does, and even joyously sits down and listens to his wife play the accordion that he bought for her birthday a few years back. Leroy begins to notice changes in other aspects of the couples relationship. Before the accident, when Leroy came home, they used to stay home watching television and playing cards. She would always cook and clean up the mess from dinner. Now, she is never home, leaving a cooling place in the bed. But when she is there Leroy still sees things about his wife that he never realized before. The things tat were familiar to Leroy are gone but now is recognizing habits of his wife that he never had the chance to admire.

Imperfections in The Birthmark by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay -- The Bir

Imperfections in The Birthmark by Nathaniel HawthorneToo often in this world does patch attempt to perfect nature. Tampering with this diversity of element most commonly leads to a disaster to come extent. Because man is never satisfied, he is constantly vying for perfection, regardless of the outcome. Such is the case in Nathaniel Hawthornes footling story, The Birthmark. Aylmers persistent attempt to perfect nature is the cause of Georgianas demise and the affirmation that when man tampers with such a powerful component terrible things may occur. In this short story, Hawthorne uses symbolism to emphasize the strange shape of the earthly imperfection (204) and his desperate need to change it. The shape of the birthmark bore a little similarity to the human hand (204). Here, Hawthorne?s use of symbolism clearly illustrates a distinct connection between the shape of the birthmark as a human hand and the need to hire it by the same means. In Aylmer?s quest for perfection, he s imply ignores the fact that he is tampering with an incredible force Nature. The ?crimson hand? (206) symbolizes man always trying to change something natural something that need not be changed. Aylmer?s subconscious obsession with science quickly becomes apparent when he realizes that he has the knowledge to potentially change something that nature has brought. At one point in the story Aylmer becomes so infatuated with removing this birthmark he dreams about how he will do so. He goes a...

Billy goat curse :: essays research papers

The billystick Goat Curse     Its game six of the National League Championship Series, the Cubs run short the series 3 games to 1 over the Florida Marlins its the 8th inning of the sixth game with the Cubs leading 3 to 0. The Florida Marlins are up with a runner on first and only 1 out. The batter, Derek Lee, hits a pop fly down the left field line one row into the stands, Moises Alou, the Cubs left fielder, reaches for the b in all but before he could enamour the ball a fan reaches up and knocks it away from him. The Cubs would go on to misplace game six 8 to 3, and would by and by go on to lose game 7, and the series. After game 6, many people, including fans and the media, believed that the actions of this one fan cost the Cubs there one chance to end the 95 year drought and the blighter of the Billy tooshie. In my speech today I plan on giving you a brief history of the Cubs, what the Billy bum curse is, and the fans reaction to the losing, and the curse.      On Oct 6, 1945, a Greek tavern owner by the name of Sam "Billy goat" Siannis, (he was nicked named the Billy goat because of his goatee), bought box seats for himself and his goat. It was the fourth game of the area Series, the Cubs having had won 2 out of 3 in Detroit. They came back to Chicago favorites to win it all. In the past, and all entire season, he was allowed to sum his goat to the games. This epoch, however, management said no. Siannis and his goat were escorted out of Wrigley Field. Not happy with what was going on Siannis stopped in the middle of Wrigley field, threw both ordnance store up in the air and yelled, "There will never be another world series played at Wrigley Field.            The Cubs beat the Detroit Tigers in the 1907 and 1908 World Series. This would be the last time the Cubs would win the World Series, a 95 year drought. The Cubs would go on to have close to succe ss in the undermentioned decade, winning the jacket crown (their division) in 1910 and again in 1929 both times losing in the first round of the playoffs. Another pennant came their way in 1932, and this time they would go all the way to the World Series only to lose to the New York Yankees, on Babe Ruths called shot.Billy goat curse essays research papers The Billy Goat Curse     Its game six of the National League Championship Series, the Cubs lead the series 3 games to 1 over the Florida Marlins its the 8th inning of the sixth game with the Cubs leading 3 to 0. The Florida Marlins are up with a runner on first and only 1 out. The batter, Derek Lee, hits a pop fly down the left field line one row into the stands, Moises Alou, the Cubs left fielder, reaches for the ball but before he could grab the ball a fan reaches up and knocks it away from him. The Cubs would go on to lose game six 8 to 3, and would later go on to lose game 7, and the series. After game 6, many people, including fans and the media, believed that the actions of this one fan cost the Cubs there one chance to end the 95 year drought and the curse of the Billy goat. In my speech today I plan on giving you a brief history of the Cubs, what the Billy goat curse is, and the fans reaction to the losing, and the curse.      On Oct 6, 1945, a Greek tavern owner by the name of Sam "Billy goat" Siannis, (he was nicked named the Billy goat because of his goatee), bought box seats for himself and his goat. It was the 4th game of the World Series, the Cubs having had won 2 out of 3 in Detroit. They came back to Chicago favorites to win it all. In the past, and all entire season, he was allowed to bring his goat to the games. This time, however, management said no. Siannis and his goat were escorted out of Wrigley Field. Not happy with what was going on Siannis stopped in the middle of Wrigley field, threw both arms up in the air and yelled, "There will never be another world series played at Wrigley Field.            The Cubs beat the Detroit Tigers in the 1907 and 1908 World Series. This would be the last time the Cubs would win the World Series, a 95 year drought. The Cubs would go on to have some success in the following decade, winning the pennant (their division) in 1910 and again in 1929 both times losing in the first round of the playoffs. Another pennant came their way in 1932, and this time they would go all the way to the World Series only to lose to the New York Yankees, on Babe Ruths called shot.

Cicero :: essays research papers

Marcus Tullius Cicero, is remembered in modern times as the greatest Roman orator and innovator of what became known as Ciceronian rhetoric. He was the son of a wealthy family of Arpinium. He made his first appearance in the courts in 81. His brilliant defense, in 80 or early 79, of Sextus Roscius against a fabricated charge of parricide established his reputation at the bar. After his election as consul for 63 his chief concern was to discover and make public the incitive intentions of his rival Catiline, who, defeated in 64, appeared again at the consular elections in 63 (over which Cicero presided, wearing armour beneath his toga). Catiline lost and planned to carry divulge armed uprisings in Italy and arson in Rome. Evidence incriminating the conspirators was secured and they were executed on Ciceros responsibility. Cicero, announcing their death to the crowd with the single word vixerunt ("they are dead"), acquire a tremendous ovation from all classes. He was hailed by Catulus as pater patriae, "father of his country". This was the climax of his career. At the end of 60, Cicero declined Caesars invitation to join the political alliance of Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey, and also Caesars offer in 59 of a place on his staff in Gaul. When Publius Clodius, whom Cicero had antagonized, became tribune in 58, Cicero was in danger, and in March fled Rome. In 57, thank to the activity of Pompey and particularly the tribune Milo, he was recalled on August 4. Cicero landed at Brundisium on that day and was acclaimed all along his route to Rome, where he arrived a calendar month later. Pompey renewed his compact with Caesar and Crassus at Luca in April 56. Cicero then agreed, under pressure from Pompey, to align himself with the three in politics. He was obliged to accept a bite of distasteful defenses, and he abandoned public life. In 51 he was persuaded to govern the province of Cilicia, in south Asia Minor, for a year. By the time Cicero returned to Rome, Pompey and Caesar were seek for complete power. He disapproved of Caesars dictatorship yet he realized that he would have been one of the first victims of Caesars enemies, had they triumphed. Cicero was not involved in the conspiracy to use up Caesar on March 15, 44, and was not present in the Senate when he was murdered.

Cicero :: essays research papers

Marcus Tullius Cicero, is remembered in modern times as the greatest Roman orator and innovator of what became known as Ciceronian rhetoric. He was the intelligence of a wealthy family of Arpinium. He made his first appearance in the courts in 81. His brilliant defense, in 80 or early 79, of Sextus Roscius against a manufacture charge of parricide established his reputation at the bar. After his election as consul for 63 his chief concern was to discover and make public the seditious intentions of his couple Catiline, who, defeated in 64, appeared again at the consular elections in 63 (over which Cicero presided, wearing armour beneath his toga). Catiline lost and planned to carry out fortify uprisings in Italy and arson in Rome. Evidence incriminating the conspirators was secured and they were executed on Ciceros responsibility. Cicero, announcing their death to the crowd with the single word vixerunt ("they are dead"), received a tremendous ovation from all classes. He was hailed by Catulus as pater patriae, "father of his country". This was the climax of his career. At the end of 60, Cicero declined Caesars invitation to join the political alliance of Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey, and also Caesars offer in 59 of a place on his staff in Gaul. When Publius Clodius, whom Cicero had antagonized, became tribune in 58, Cicero was in danger, and in March fled Rome. In 57, thanks to the exertion of Pompey and particularly the tribune Milo, he was recalled on August 4. Cicero landed at Brundisium on that day and was acclaimed all along his route to Rome, where he arrived a month later. Pompey re-create his compact with Caesar and Crassus at Luca in April 56. Cicero then agreed, under pressure from Pompey, to align himself with the three in politics. He was obliged to accept a number of disgusting defenses, and he abandoned public life. In 51 he was persuaded to govern the province of Cilicia, in south Asia Minor, for a year. By the time Cicero returned to Rome, Pompey and Caesar were struggling for free power. He disapproved of Caesars dictatorship yet he realized that he would have been one of the first victims of Caesars enemies, had they triumphed. Cicero was not involved in the conspiracy to kill Caesar on March 15, 44, and was not present in the Senate when he was murdered.

American Community Survey

American participation cartoon An Overview of the American partnership check into Have you ever popular opinion about how, or why, new roads, schools, after-school programs, or hospitals ar placed in comm building blockies? What makes comm whole of measurementies attractive to new businesses or tourists? Why there is no air or video store on a street corner? The answers often lie in the minutes numbers that reflect what our communities look like, how our communities aim changed, and how those changes impact our daily lives. Most importantly, the numbers reflect how our communities ar eat-to doe inwardlyg the quests created by these changes.Traditionally, these numbers have been placid during the census any 10 historic period. Those numbers play a critical role for states and local communities in determining their sh ar of federal money for schools, roads, senior citizen centers, and early(a) services. In nows world, our communities can change very quickly. Between decennial cens put ons, local governments, organizations and businesses need eraly entropy to assess and plan for local needs. Costly mistakes can leave behind when planners do not have current entropy on which to base their decisions. That is one of the reasons why the U. S.census self-confidence has moved to a whole new counsel of gathering information to help answer those questions. Rather than taking a snapshot of a community once every ten years, the American community see provides a dynamic and much timelier moving picture of the nation, every year. Overview * What is the American friendship discipline? * Content * inspect methodology * Data harvest-times * How is it assorted from enumerate 2000? This pre displaceation leave behind give you an overview of the American fellowship surveil. We volition answer the question What is the American community of interests Survey? and then move on to discuss the content, methodology, and data products.We go forth wrap up with a brief summary of how the American conjunction Survey is different from Census 2000. What is the American community of interests Survey? The American Community Survey, any(prenominal)times referred to as the ACS, is a nationwide survey that collects essentially the aforementioned(prenominal) in establishation on mickle and lodgment that was roll up on the extensive-form questionnaire used in Census 2000. The American Community Survey is a continuous survey, in which each month a assay of house unit addresses receives a questionnaire. About three million addresses are surveyed each year.The American Community Survey is a critical element in the Census delegacys new approach to future censuses. Decennial Census In Census 2000, the census used 2 forms 1. short form asked for grassroots demographic and housing in doion, such as age, sex, race, how many a(prenominal) people lived in the housing unit, and if the housing unit was owned or rented by the residen t 2. abundant form self-collected the same(p) selective information as the short form but also collected more than in-depth information such as income, education, and language spoken at kinfolk * Only a tiny portion of the universe of discourse, called a sample, received the long form.Two forms were used during Census 2000. The short form asked several(prenominal) questions on the most elementary demographic and housing topics. These questions asked about age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, the number of people living in the housing unit, and if the housing unit was owned or rented by the resident. The long form collected the same information as the short form, but it also asked questions on additional topics. Thirty-two questions were asked of each resident of the housing unit on such topics as marital status, education, language spoken at home, piece of work, occupation, and others.Twenty-one questions were asked about the housing unit itself, so simply one resident of tha t housing unit was asked to provide information on such topics as plumbing and kitchen facilities, type and cost of utilities, value of the property, and others. Only a sample of the total U. S. creation received the long form. The data from the long form are called sample data. The basic data collected on both the short and the long forms are called 100 percent data since these questions were asked for 100 percent of the U. S. universe of discourse. 2010 Census and American Community Survey * 2010 Census will focus on counting the U.S. population * The sample data are now collected in the ACS * Puerto anti-racketeering law is the only U. S. territory where the ACS is conducted * 2010 Census will have a long form for U. S. territories such as Guam and U. S. Virgin Islands * Same short form questions on the ACS The upcoming 2010 Census will complicate only one form sent to the entire U. S. population. That form will ask only questions similar to those contained in previous census short forms. The 2010 Census will provide a basic count of the U. S. population, collecting only the most basic demographic and housing information.Detailed demographic, social, economic, and housing data will no longer be collected as part of the decennial census. * The data that were collected from the long form sample are now produced from the American Community Survey. * The American Community Survey collects data from the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, where it is called the Puerto Rico Community Survey. The American Community Survey does not collect data from the other U. S. territories, such as Guam and the U. S. Virgin Islands. The 2010 decennial census will continue to collect long form type data for these theater of operationss. The questions that are asked on the 2010 Census are also asked on the American Community Survey questionnaire.American Community Survey Content The content collected by the American Community Survey can be grouped into four main types of characteristics social, economic, housing, and demographic. allows take a closer look at the type of information each of these categories contain. American Community Survey Social Characteristics * Education * marital Status * Fertility * Grandparent Caregivers * Veterans * Disability Status * Place of Birth * Citizenship * Year of Entry Language Spoken at home * Ancestry/ Tribal sleeper Social characteristics include topics such as education, marital status, fertility, grandparent caregivers, veterans, disability status, place of birth, citizenship status, year of entry, language spoken at home, ancestry and tribal affiliation. American Community Survey Economic Characteristics * Income * Benefits * Employment Status * Occupation * Industry * Commuting to Work * Place of Work Economic characteristics include such topics as income, benefits, employment status, occupation, industry, commuting to work, and place of work.Data on the economic characteristics of the po pulation are collected to assess the well-being of individuals and households. American Community Survey Housing Characteristics * Tenure * line of work amp Structure * Housing Value * Taxes amp Insurance * Utilities * Mortgage/Monthly Rent Housing characteristics include topics such as tenure, occupancy and structure, housing value, taxes and insurance, utilities, and mortgage or monthly rent. This housing data gives us a measure of the housing stock of the country. American Community Survey Demographic Characteristics * awake Age * Race * Hispanic Origin The American Community Survey also collects the basic demographic characteristics such as sex, age, race and Hispanic origin. This is the same information that will be collected by Census 2010. American Community Survey 2008 Content Changes * Three new questions * Health Insurance insurance coverage * Veterans Service-connected Disability * Marital History * Deletion of one question * Time and main reason for poseing at the ad dress * Changes in nigh wording and format Several changes were made to the American Community Survey questionnaire at the beginning of 2008.Three new questions were added and one question was deleted. The three new questions are on health insurance coverage, veterans service-connected disability, and marital history. These new data will begin to be operational during the data release in 2009. The deleted question measured the time and main reason for staying at the sampled address. These data were used for internal research purposes and the data were not published in the data products. Changes were also made to some of the demographic questions so that they are consistent with the questions that will be on the 2010 Census questionnaire.American Community Survey Methodology * audition includes about 3 million addresses each year * Three modes of data accumulation * mail * phone * personal visit * Data are collected continuously throughout the year About 3 million addresses are s elected for the American Community Survey sample every year. The American Community Survey data collection operation uses three modes that take place over a three-month level mail, telephone, and personal visit. For most housing units the first of all phase of data collection includes a questionnaire mailed to the sample address for the household to complete and return by mail.If no response by mail is received, the Census delegacy follows up with computer assisted telephone interviewing, or CATI, if a telephone number is accessible for the address. If the Census Bureau is unable to reach an occupant of the unit using CATI, or if the household refuses to participate, the address may be selected for computer assisted personal interviewing, or CAPI. At any point in this process, pass of a completed questionnaire from the sampled address results in the address being removed from the data collection workload. Data for the American Community Survey are collected continuously through out the year.Interviews conducted amongst January 1st and December 31st of a given year are aggregated to produce annual estimates for calendar years. For example, interviews conducted between January 1st and December 31st of 2009 are aggregated to produce estimates for 2009. American Community Survey Target Population * Resident population of the United States and Puerto Rico * Living in housing units and group quarters * Current residents at the selected address * Two month rule Interview and residence rules define the send population for a survey.These rules therefore identify the units and the people eligible for inclusion in the survey. The sampling frame reflects this choice of universe, as do the instructions on the forms and in the procedures used by survey interviewers during follow-up. The American Community Survey collects data from all persons without regard to their legal status or citizenship. In 2005 the stern population was limited to the housing unit population o f the US and Puerto Rico. For the first time in 2006, and for every year thereafter, the American Community Survey has include the resident population living in BOTH housing units and group quarters.The American Community Survey residence rules were established to collect data from people who are currently living at the selected address. For inclusion in the survey, these rules require that, at the time the questionnaire is completed, the respondent is living or staying at the housing unit address for more than two months. American Community Survey Group Quarters Group quarters are places where people live or stay that are normally owned or managed by an entity or organization providing housing and/or services for the residents.These services may include custodial or medical care as well as other types of assistance, and residency is commonly restricted to those receiving these services. The group quarters population is divided into two categories, the institutional group quarters p opulation and the Non-institutional group quarters population. The Institutional group quarters population includes residents under formally authorized supervised care. Examples of these facilities include ingenious nursing facilities, adult correctional facilities, and psychiatric hospitals. The Non-institutional group quarters population includes residents of college/university housing, ilitary barracks, and group homes. American Community Survey Period Estimates * ACS estimates are period estimates, describing the number characteristics over a contract period * Contrast with point-in-time estimates that describe the characteristics of an area on a specific date * 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year estimates will be released for geographic areas that meet specific population thresholds American Community Survey period estimates describe the average characteristics of the population or housing over a condition period of time. In the case of American Community Survey one-year estimates , the period is the calendar year.For example, the 2007 American Community Survey data describe the population and characteristics of an area from January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2007, not for any specific day within the year. The American Community Survey collects survey information continuously tight every day of the year and then aggregates the results over a specific period of time one year, three years, or five years. The data collection is administer evenly across the entire period represented so as not to over-represent any particular month or year within the period. American Community Survey Data harvest-tides Release ScheduleAmerican Community Survey period estimates describe the average characteristics of the population or housing over a specified period of time. In the case of American Community Survey one-year estimates, the period is the calendar year. For example, the 2007 American Community Survey data describe the population and characteristics of an area fr om January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2007, not for any specific day within the year. The American Community Survey collects survey information continuously nearly every day of the year and then aggregates the results over a specific period of time one year, three years, or five years.The data collection is spread evenly across the entire period represented so as not to over-represent any particular month or year within the period. American Community Survey Data Products Pro turn ons * Data Profiles * Narrative Profiles * Comparison Profiles * Selected Population Profiles Tables * Detailed Tables * cogitation Tables * Ranking Tables * Geographic Comparison Tables * Thematic Maps * semipublic riding habit Microdata Sample (PUMS) Files The American Community Survey data products are similar to those produced from the decennial census long form.Like the decennial sample data products, the American Community Survey products show the characteristics of the countrys population and h ousing. These products include four broad types of products profiles, parrys, thematic maps, and Public utilisation Microdata Sample, or PUMS, files. There are multiple types of profiles and tables data profiles, narrative profiles, comparison profiles, selected population profiles, detailed tables, subject tables, ranking tables, and geographic comparison tables. All of the data products are available on the Census Bureaus American FactFinder.The data products are explored in depth in the presentation titled Data Products from the American Community Survey. American Community Survey Learning More * ACS Main Page * 2007 Data Product Details * Subject Definitions * Guidance on canvass 2007 Data to Other Sources * Design and Methodology Report * The ACS Compass Products The American Community Survey meshing site has a lot of information about the program, its data products, and evaluation of the data. The next several slides will present some valuable resources for learning mor e about the American Community Survey.We will look at the ACS Main page, the 2007 Data Product Details, Subject Definitions, Guidance on Comparing 2007 Data to Other Sources, the ACS Design and Methodology Report, and The ACS Compass Products. The upcoming slides show static images of the American Community Survey Web site taken in late-September 2008. As the Web site is continually updated, these images may differ slightly from what is currently on the active Web site. At the bottom of each of the upcoming slides are the Internet addresses for the Web page that the slide is referencing. American Community Survey ACS Main PageThe American Community Survey Main Page has links to valuable information. Currently, one of those links is the 2007 ACS Data Release. It is accessible under the Highlights section on the main American Community Survey Webpage http//www. census. gov/acs/www. The Highlights section changes periodically so the most recent American Community Survey happenings are highlighted. You can always access information on the latest data release by clicking on Access Data in the top menu bar or by directly type in the Web address, http//www. census. gov/acs/www/Products/. American Community Survey 2007 Data ReleaseThe 2007 ACS Data Release page includes links to four ways to access American Community Survey data. They are the American FactFinder, the File Transfer Protocol or FTP site, the Public Use Microdata Sample or PUMS files, and Request a Custom tabulation. It also contains data user tools and tips as well as important put downation. This page is where you can access much of the information you may need when using American Community Survey data. In the image on this slide, arrows highlight hyperlinks to 2007 Data Product Details and Comparing ACS Data, both located under the Data User Tools and Tips column.Under the Documentation column, arrows highlight hyperlinks to Subject Definitions, Errata, User Notes, and the ACS Design and Methodolog y report. We will now briefly explore each of these resources. American Community Survey 2007 Data Product Details The 2007 Data Product Details contains table shells and their ID numbers, maps, geographic areas, and more. At the top left of the page, you can use the swing out down menu to select the state youre interested in and it will produce the list of geographic areas that are published for that state. There will be a similar tool for the three-year estimates that will be released in December 2008.The box in the middle of the page allows you to look at table shells by topic. These table shells do not contain any data, however they are a helpful mechanism for seeing the data that are offered and the format of those data before going to American FactFinder to begin your data retrieval. At the bottom of the page youll experience some downloadable files that contain detailed documentation on the data products. One of these files allows users to see if the 2007 American Communit y Survey produced a table that is comparable to a table produced from the Census 2000 Summary File 3.Another file lists all of the tables that are new, have been deleted, or have been modified since the release of the previous years data. Also on this page is a document that provides instructions for applying statistical testing to American Community Survey data, so that you can test to see whether changes in the data are statistically valid. from each one of these files will open in a new window and can be saved on your computer. American Community Survey 2007 Data Product Details The image on this slide shows the table crosswalk that is found by clicking on the link titled Census 2000 Summary File 3 detailed tables with comparable ACS tables. The crosswalk offers information about the tables title, id number and the subject area for both the Census 2000 Summary File 3 and the 2007 American Community Survey. It also contains information on how the 2007 American Community Survey an d Census 2000 Summary File 3 tables correspond to one another.This is available as a downloadable Excel file from the Data Product Details page. American Community Survey Comparison Guidance * Comparing 2007 ACS to 2006 ACS * Census Bureau supports comparisons made between 2006 and 2007 ACS data * Comparing 2007 ACS to Census 2000 Differences between the 2007 ACS and Census 2000 include residence rules, universes, and reference periods. The Census Bureau provides counselor to users that want to canvas 2007 American Community Survey data with data from other sources. You will also find a link on this web page to management on comparing 2006 ACS data to other sources. Guidance is needed before drawing conclusions because in some instances comparisons could be misleading due to differences in questions or methods. The Census Bureau supports comparisons made between 2006 and 2007 ACS data.When comparing 2007 American Community Survey data to Census 2000 data, the user should keep in mind the differences that live on between the 2007 ACS and Census 2000. As noted earlier, these include differences in residence rules, universes, and reference periods. For example, the 2007 ACS uses a two-month residence rule defined as anyone living for more than two months in the sample unit when the unit is interviewed whereas Census 2000 used a vulgar residence rule defined as the place where a person lives or stays most of the time.We encourage you to review the guidance on our website which provides useful information for every variable. American Community Survey Comparing Data The Census Bureau provides guidance to users that want to compare 2007 American Community Survey data with data from other sources. You will also find a link on this web page to guidance on comparing 2006 ACS data to other sources. Guidance is needed before drawing conclusions because in some instances comparisons could be misleading due to differences in questions or methods. The Census Bureau su pports comparisons made between 2006 and 2007 ACS data.When comparing 2007 American Community Survey data to Census 2000 data, the user should keep in mind the differences that exist between the 2007 ACS and Census 2000. As noted earlier, these include differences in residence rules, universes, and reference periods. For example, the 2007 ACS uses a two-month residence rule defined as anyone living for more than two months in the sample unit when the unit is interviewed whereas Census 2000 used a usual residence rule defined as the place where a person lives or stays most of the time.We encourage you to review the guidance on our website which provides useful information for every variable. American Community Survey User Notes The user notes section provides important information about the data by specific year. For example, the first note listed on the screen references the Modification Made in 2007 ACS Weighting Methodology for Orleans and St. Bernard Parishes in Louisiana. It states the following The review of the 2007 operational data find evidence that suggests a high incidence of misclassification of uninhabitable units as vacant units.The effect of misclassification was almost entirely removed through a modification in the weighting methodology for Orleans and St. Bernard Parishes. The effect of the weighting adjustment was to down-weight units that had the vacancy status of Other Vacant. This modification resulted in more consistent and accurate ACS estimates of the number of vacant units and persons per household in these two parishes. This modification was also made to the 2006 ACS weighting methodology. American Community Survey Errata NotesThe Errata notes page will provide users with information on any updates made to the data due to detected errors. For example, the errata note 46, which is the first entry on the screen, references Subject Table S2101 and Base Table B21002 for years prior to 2007, period of military service. The errata not e states the following Due to an editing error, veterans period of service (VPS) was being incorrectly assigned for some individuals. The majority of the errors misclassified some people who reported only serving during the Vietnam Era as having served in the category Gulf War and Vietnam Era. The remainder of the errors misclassified some people who reported only serving between the Vietnam Era and Gulf War as having served in the category Gulf War. These errors have been resolved for the 2007 tabulations. American Community Survey Subject Definitions The Subject Definitions document is a glossary of all American Community Survey measures. In the 2007 version, definitions of the quality measures describing American Community Survey data have been added. Versions for the 2002 through 2007 American Community Surveys are available. American Community SurveySubject Definitions The Subject Definitions document includes explanations of the measures. For example, the partial definition of the Language Spoken at Home and efficiency to Speak English measure that is shown on this slide tells us that the questions are only asked of people aged 5 years and older. The safe definition provides other important information about this measure. American Community Survey Design and Methodology Report * Important reference document covering methods used in producing ACS data * American Community Survey How to Use the DataThe ACS Design and Methodology paper describes the basic design of the American Community Survey and details the full class of methods and procedures that are currently in place. An updated version of the paper is forthcoming. This report can be accessed from the 2007 Data Release page. American Community Survey How to Use the Data The geography notes section provides a brief explanation of the Census Bureaus geographic terms. Geography notes are located on the How to Use the Data Web page. The yellow toolbar that sits just below the American Community Surv ey banner is accessible from all pages on the AmericanCommunity Survey Web site. hotdog on How to Use the Data, which is the fourth tab from the right. American Community Survey Geography Notes The geography notes provide an overview of the types of geographic areas that are presented in American Community Survey data products. At the bottom of the page are printable . pdfs for the current year and past years of the American Community Survey. American Community Survey The ACS Compass Products * Set of educational handbooks aimed at specific audiences * Presentation slides on important ACS topics E-learning tutorial In recognition of the need to provide guidance on new concepts and the challenges they bring to users of American Community Survey data, the U. S. Census Bureau is developing a series of educational materials called The ACS Compass Products. The ACS Compass Products include user-specific handbooks, PowerPoint presentations, and an on-line tutorial. The handbooks provide user-friendly information about the ACS and the multiyear estimates available in 2008. Each handbook targets a specific user group including first time ACS data users.The PowerPoint presentations, such as this, provide important information on various aspects of the American Community Survey. These presentations were developed for two main purposes (1) for individual to use to learn more about the ACS and (2) to provide a wide audience with the tools needed to conduct learn on the ACS. Each presentation consists of approximately 35 slides and the accompanying speakers notes. The presentations have also been recorded as multimedia files so users can learn about the ACS without having to read the presentations or attend a training session.An on-line tutorial that enables users to understand and appropriately use ACS data is also planned for future release. American Community Survey Similarities with Census 2000 * Same questions and many of the same basic statistics * 5-year estimates will be produced for same broad set of geographic areas including census tracts and block groups Now that we have explored the American Community Survey program and products, lets wrap up by answering the question How is the American Community Survey different from Census 2000? As mentioned earlier, the American Community Survey asks many of the same questions and produces many of the same basic statistics as the sample data from Census 2000.American Community Survey data will be produced for geographies as large as the nation and as small as block groups. Five-year estimates will be produced for the same broad set of geographic areas that received sample data from Census 2000, including census tracts and block groups. American Community Survey Key Differences from Census 2000 Beginning in 2010, data for small geographic areas will be produced every year versus once every 10 years * Data for larger areas are available now and data for mid sized area will be available in December 20 08 * Census 2000 data described the population and housing as of April 1, 2000 objet dart ACS data describe a period of time and require data for 12 months, 36 months, or 60 months As opposed to the decennial census which produced data once every 10 years, the American Community Survey will provide a continuous stream of updated information for states and local areas.Updated data from the American Community Survey will be released every year. Updated data have been available since 2005 for areas with populations of 65,000 or more. Data in the form of three-year estimates will be available for areas with populations of 20,000 or more in December 2008. American Community Survey estimates provide information about the characteristics of population and housing for areas over a specified period of time.American Community Survey single-year and multiyear estimates contrast with point-in-time estimates, such as those from the decennial census long form samples, which are designed to measu re characteristics as of a genuine date or narrow time period. For example, Census 2000 was designed to measure the characteristics of population and housing in the United States based upon data collected almost April 1, 2000, and thus its data reflect a narrower timeframe than American Community Survey data. American Community SurveyKey Differences from Census 2000 * The goal of ACS is to produce data comparable to the Census 2000 long form data * These estimates will cover the same small areas as Census 2000 but with smaller sample sizes * Smaller sample sizes for 5-year ACS estimates results in reductions in the reliability of estimates In Census 2000 approximately 17 percent of the housing units received a long form. Statistics from this sample were produced for a broad set of geographic areas including the nation, all states, counties, census tracts, and block groups.Five years of American Community Survey data are needed to produce estimates comparable to the estimates produ ced from the Census 2000 long form. A benefit that users will gain from the American Community Survey is the more timely issuance of the data and the greater frequency with which the data are released. Also, it produces information for small areas, including tracts and block groups, which will be updated every year instead of once every decade. The sample sizes for the 5-year ACS estimates will be smaller than the sample sizes were for Census 2000. This will result in a reduction in the reliability of the estimate.

Mountain Men and The Path to the Pacific

Reading this book was like listening to tall tales told around the dancing flames of a faraway campfire. One can almost meet the Grizzlys roar, the rushing river, the war cries of long forgotten warriors, and almost smell the mountain forests. Therein lies the key to the authors approach to historic storytelling in this book, as in his many other histories written for popular consumption on American Hesperian subjects, he vividly and impeccably writes grip and diminutive narratives ab turn out well researched biased individuals on the frontiers of the nineteenth century.He successfully provides the context for these narratives with an easy to understand explanation of Americas western expansion, and seamlessly bundles the entirety into a stylishly written story.Utley focuses on the period between the Lewis and Clark Expedition in1804 and the end of the western expansion era in the 1850s. He chooses his subjects non only because they provided the critical first move custodyt of America into its Far due west, besides because, he argues, their memoirs, maps, and knowledge of geography and the local Native Americans made rising settlement possible. I found his thesis well proven.The author provides a brief historical context in each(prenominal) chapter and relates his subjects adventures from the layabout up often quoting vivid primary sources that exposes their contradictions their courage and illiteracy, ambition and uncouthness, their hunger for adventure and appetite for violence, and their often inevitable tragic endings. Each chapter focuses on unity or two colorful personalities, men with names like Crazy Bill Williams and Jeremiah Liver-Eating Johnson. The compelling personalities whitethorn not contrisolelye to proving the authors thesis, but they do make the book an enjoyable adopt.The author devotes more than just one chapter to his favorite, Jedediah Smith, a man as austere as his colleagues were abrasive, who carefully mapped and detaile d his travels. Smith perfectly embodies the authors thesis, that the mountain mens maps and journals were essential to the opening of the Far West. Utley believes that Smith was point man in the fillment for Oregon1, and did more to open the Far westerly frontier than any other early pioneer did. Utley notes that Smith was a man in acutely contrast to most other mountaineers, much(prenominal) as Jim Bridger, who were stereotypical mountain men, full of whiskey and gall and telling tall tales, as did Bridger, about petrified forests with peetrified birds render peetrified songs.2Utley writes a revealing key passage about President Jefferson that delineates the books central approach to the subject of the Mountain Men. In 1802, Jefferson read a British trappers memoir about his travels in the NorthWest. Alexander Mackenzies book inspired Jefferson to send a band of hearty men on a reconnaissance to scout the unkn avow Far West, to discover the continental passage, colonize the Pacific Coast and tap its fur resources, and establish commerce with the Orient.3 In Utleys view, this was no mere reconnaissance, it was the first step in what was to be a century of nation building.Utley expands the scope of his book by elevating Lewis and Clark, who Jefferson delegated to lead this tour into the new territories of the Louisiana Purchase, and those who later continued the Western exploration, as being more than explorers and trappers, they were expansionists who guided America to its westward boundary on the Pacific. By elevating the signification of his subjects, Utley elevates the overall importance of his book.Utley begins in 1804, with the Corps of Discoverys expedition to survey the new lands. Frontiersmen and others familiar with the ways of the Native Americans joined Lewis and Clarks expedition, such as John Colter, a riverboat pioneer, and George Drouillard, a hunter who was half Shawnee and fluent in Indian sign language. The Corps of Discovery mapped the new land, but they withal reported a wilderness ripe for trapping and settlement.What the Lewis and Clark Expedition reported on their return enthralled the nation and fired the imaginations of Americans hungry for opportunity. The first to die the movement west were independent entrepreneurs hoping to enrich themselves by harvesting the abundant wildlife the hunter-trappers.The book chronologically and geographically charts the progress of the mountaineers, always using the mountain mens history of discovery, exploitation of resources, and mutual cooperation. Utley uses copious primary sources, including the detailed day-to-day diary of Jedediah Smith, who catalogued minutia, such as the changing beaver population, and high drama, such as having his scalp sewn back on to his head after a Grizzly clawed him. If you have a needle and thread, git it out and sew up my wounds around my head, he asked of a fellow trapper 4. Utley quotes other primary sources, such as John Bradley, a naturalist who kept a detailed journal traveling with a trapping expedition to the Pacific led by John Jacob Astor. 5Utley addresses what motivated these early pioneers of the Far West, quoting Warren black Angus Ferris, Westward Ho It is the sixteenth of the second month, A.D. 1830 and I have joined a trapping, trading, hunting expedition to the Rocky Mountains. Why, I scarcely know for the motives that bring forth me to this step were of a mixed complexionCuriosity, a love of wild adventure, and perhaps also a hope of profit. 6Utley draws on primary sources to describe a run-in between Hugh Glass and a Grizzly with cubs He lay on his back, bleeding from gashes in his scalp, face, chest, back, shoulder, arm, hand, and thigh. With each gasp, blood bubbled from a puncture in his throat. Glass companions, thinking him near death, left him and went ahead. But Glass was made of true mountain man grit. He rallied, and crawled back to civilization. Utley writes, Berries and a torpid f reight train smashed with a stone provided his first nourishment.The Grand River supplied water. He dug edible roots with a sharp rock. Chance turned up a dead buffalo with marrow still rich in the bones. Later wolves brought down a buffalo calf that he succeeded in seizing. In a six-week demonstration of incredible strength, fortitude, luck, and determination, Glass crawled back to Fort Kiowa, nearly two hundred miles. This story exemplifies Utleys dramatic flair by using colorful characters and events in writing history designed to appeal to the mass audience.Utley addresses the social identity of the mountain men, profiling the diverse sampling of immigrants and culturally dysfunctional individuals uncoerced to live a solitary existence, disconnected from family and community. He examines their alliances with Native tribes, occasionally even marrying into the tribe, and develops a theme that these alliances produced a significant contribution in maintaining imperturbable relati ons, and obtaining future tribal cooperation in exploration and provisioning.Utley also recounts the annual trapper Frolics, when mountaineers gathered to sell their furs and skins to retail traders, replenish their weapons and supplies, swapped tall tales, and threw the frontier equivalent of a redbrick fraternity toga party.While Utley always presents colorful events and personalities, he always returns to his primary theme that the detailed maps and knowledge that the mountain men recorded and shared with each other made it possible for others to later navigate the unknown and difficult mountain regions. That their information filled the vacuum of understanding about the new territories and at a time prompted the great western expansion, revealing the best routes to cross rivers and mountain passes in summer and winter, as well as where there was relative safety and where peril was to found.In a later, secondary wave of exploration, Utley relates how one veteran mountain man, Kit Carson, led several military expeditions in the early and mid-1840s to the Far West to consolidate the governments domain and control of the new territories. Commanded by John C. Fremont, who would become known thereafter as The Pathfinder, the expeditions continued and completed the Western exploration started by Lewis and Clark. Utley argues that these military expeditions promoted the great waves of emigration by wagon trains across the Sierra Nevada Mountains to Oregon and California.A note about Utleys illustrations, generally period artwork and primary source period maps. At first glance they seemed lifeless, but they ultimately provided something akin to a Rosetta Stone that helped this reader to clasp the enormity what the mountain men faced and endured.The joy the author demonstrates through-out the book reveals his almost spiritual identification with his subjects and the terrain they pioneered. His enthusiasm and command of detail serves to fully engage the reader, which to me is the gift of a great history book.But as much as the book succeeds, its methodology raises questions about its limitations the author is invested in his own formulaic pattern of popular storytelling, one wonders whether he is choosing his subjects for marketability over significance. The book is informative, engaging, and enjoyable, even inspiring, but its formulaic approach may remove the potential for subverter perspective or revealing interpretation. This may be an inevitable consequence of success for any historian, and I suppose one most historians would welcome, but it may limit the books scholarly potential.One additional criticism in Utleys view, the Mountain Men pursued commerce and produced national growth, but the narrative accepts their chauvinist behavior without judgment and accepts their cruelty virtually without comment, which many could interpret as a lack of balance.The ideal popular demographic soft touch for this book are those who love American hi storical adventure those who love John Fords films, or Ken Burns genteel War documentary, or books about Mountain Men. If one enjoyed the film about Jeremiah Johnson starring Robert Redford, this is a history book made for you. For scholars, it provides an engrossing and interesting read that doesnt sacrifice its historical themes. For young students, it successfully presents those details that fire the imagination. In other words, its sweeping panorama deserves its sweeping audience. I enjoyed reading it, acquire from it, and re1 P.67 2 p.173 3 p.3 4 p.56 5 p.24 6 p.149

A Sunrise on the Veld Essay

A Sunrise on the Veld is a short base written by British author Doris Lessing. It tells the story of a boy who is filled with the excitement and wonder of life and the world nigh him. However, he currently disc everyplaces the darker side of reality, which is that living things must die. This story explores heartings of invincibility that many people have had in their youths. It also describes feelings of fear, anger and grief that most humans feel when they must face the reality of suffering and death. After witnessing the death of a small helpless buck, the boy comes to the realization that there are events and circumstances in life that he cannot control.At the beginning of the story, the boy a disturbns early in the morning and feels like he has control over himself and his environment. He has trained himself to wake at half-past four without the use of his alarm clock. He was feeling invincible, full of life and completely in control. He took his gun and went outdoors, takin g his dogs with him. He was cognizant of every sensation he felt the cold ground beneath his feet, the dew covered crap, and the chilled steel of his gun. He was filled with a fascination of the world around him. Then he began to run, not carefully, as he had before , but madly, like a wild thing. He was clean crazy, yelling mad with the feel of living and a superfluity of youth. He thought he could contain the world and make of it what I want. He soon learned otherwise.While in his state of exuberance, his celebration of life was interrupted by the small cries of a creature in pain. He saw a buck in the grass dying, and covered in black ants. He realized there was nothing he could do for the poor animal. He had no control over this. As he looked at the dying buck he said under his breath, I cant pulley-block it. I cant stop it. There is nothing I can do. The ants were around him and he shouted defiantly at them saying, Go away I am not for younot just yet at any rate. Go away. A nd he fancied that the ants turned and went away. The boy still wanted to believe that he had control over things concerning his life.After the bucks skeleton had been stripped clean by the ants, the boy went over to examine it closely. He thought about how it looked when it was alive. Perhaps it was tally and romping in the veld earlier that morning, just as he had. He thought of how it must have sniffed at the cold morning air and locomote through the grass. The boy came face to face with death, and knew it happens to all living creatures. He also realized that even though he could control what he does to some(a) extent, there were things in this world that no one can control. The knowledge of fatality, of what has to be, had gripped him and for the first time in his life.Death is inevitable, every living thing or creature is destined to die one time during his life. The kind of beauty the boys valued differed in several ways as its is being unfolded in the story. The boy in A S unrise on the Veld felt a love for nature without having a clear understanding of what nature is. In cooperation the two characters experienced an anxiety and enthusiasm towards their obsessions. He was very willing to wake up and go into the infinite fields of life. He felt a feeling of oneness when he came in touch with what nature displays to him. The author tries to showcase of the beauty in natural scenery as she tries to breakdown the restrictions set in motion in isolation between what a mind of child and that of an adult.

Preventing Caregiver Abuse Essay

The term c argiver is used to refer to an individual who assists another who cannot act freely due to certain chronic conditions. There are dickens main types of wishgivers the informal caregivers are family members or sympathetic friends who care for impaired older people living at home. The formal caregivers, on the other hand, are hired or volunteer workers who are connected either with the health care systems or social service agencies.The tasks associated with caregiving are grouped under deuce categories, namely the Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs). Included under ADLs are activities like getting in or out of bed, fetching a bath, getting dressed, and the general toilet use. IADLs, on the other hand, may include meal preparation, general household chores, grocery shopping, and the management of the care liquidators medication (Nerenberg, 2002).Studies have shown that the greatest negative consequence to caregiving is stress which is believed possessd by fatigue due to lack of sleep, improper nutrition, and lack of exercise. Stress is as well as believed caused by the burden being experienced by caregivers. This burden increases as the level of disability of the care receiver increases, thereby needing a greater consummation of care. some(a) quarters suspect that stress is one of the main reasons for caregivers to go over the edge and consequently abuse their patients (Nerenberg, 2002). For others, however, stress is not a cause but merely an aggravating factor.Abuse, which does not only mean physical injury but excessively includes mental anguish, unreasonable confinement, sexual abuse or exploitation, or financial exploitation of defenseless older people, are believed by most to be caused by factors like the caregivers frustration, sense of isolation, poor support from the community, behavior of the care receiver, and the nature of his or her daily tasks (Bratteli, 2003). Bratteli (2003) offered several legal remedies which are expected to prevent caregiver abuse in care facilities, namely The care receiver should accomplish a Financial Power of Attorney, a legal document which would appoint his or her attorney-in-fact who will attend to his or her financial matters. This is usually a trusted relative or friend, the appointment of whom will prevent financial exploitation especially when the care receiver is staying in an institution. Accomplishment of a Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care. This is another legal document which appoints an agent who will decide for the care receiver on matters of healthcare.It contains the care receivers preferred method of treatment and would prevent neglect on the part of the caregiver in an institution. Nerenberg (2002), on the other hand, pointed to some techniques and run which are now available which could reduce the risk of abuse on the part of caregivers who care for older people at home. According to her, these techn iques and services were specifically developed in order to meet the needs of caregivers in terms of assistance and support. One of these is a program aimed at providing relief.Under this program, employees or volunteer workers visit the patient at home and spend several hours with him or her in order to allow the caregiver to have some rest. separate programs arrange for the care receiver to stay for several days in a care facility to allow the caregiver to enjoy an extended break. Some support services take the form of friendly visits and reassuring telephone calls to address the feeling of isolation by providing social contact and emotional support. These practices also relieve the anxiety being felt by the caregiver.Finally, caregivers should also be provided with informative materials which would teach them the techniques for reducing stress like exercise and proper pabulum (Nerenberg, 2002).References Bratteli, M. (2003). CAREGIVER ABUSE, NEGLECT AND EXPLOITATION The Journey Through Caregiving. North Dakota Family Caregiver Project, North Dakota State University. Nerenberg, L. (2002). Caregiver Stress and Elder Abuse. National Center on Elder Abuse. Retrieved April 17, 2008 from http//www. ncea. aoa. gov/NCEAroot/Main_Site/pdf/family/caregiver. pdf

Network Key Terms Essay

The Internet- The global network formed by interconnecting most of the networks on the planet, with each post and ships company network connecting to an Internet service provider (ISP), which in turn connects to other ISPs. Internet edge- The fragmentise of the Internet between an ISP and the ISP guest, whether the customer is a company or organization with a large private TCP/IP network, or whether the customer is a single individual. point of presence- A term utilise by service providers, particularly for WAN or Internet service providers instead of traditional telcos, that refers to the building where the provider keeps its equipment. Access links that connect the customer device to the WAN service physically connect into the POP. Internet core- The part of the Internet created through network links between ISPs that creates the ability of the ISPs to forward IP packets to the customers of the ISPs that connect to the core.Internet access- A broad term for the legion(predic ate) technologies that laughingstock be used to connect to an ISP so that the device or network can send packets between itself and the ISP. analog modem- A device at the customer and ISP end of an analog circuit, created when one modem calls the phone number of the other modem, with the two modems send data development the analog circuit. DSL- Digital subscriber line. A type of Internet access service in which the data flows over the local tat cable from the home to the telco central office, where a DSLAM uses FDM technology to split out the data and send it to a router, and split out the voice frequencies and send them to a traditional voice switch. cable Internet- A term referring to Internet access services provided by a cable company, using many components, including a cable modem, coaxial cable, and a CMTS at the cable company head end. default route- In a router, a concept in which the router has a excess route, the default route, so that when a router tries to route a pa cket, but the packets destination does not match any other route, the router routes the packet base on the default route.host touch- A spot made up of alphabetic, numeric, and some special characters, used to identify a specific IP host. soldiers names that follow the convention for domain names in the DNS system use a hierarchical design, with periodsseparating parts of the name. Domain Name frame- The name of both(prenominal) a protocol and the system of actual DNS servers that exist in the world. In practice, DNS provides a way for the world to distribute the list of matching host name/IP approach pair information, letting each company maintain its own naming information, but allowing the entire world to discover the IP address used by a particular host name, dynamically, using DNS protocols, so that any client can refer to a destination by name and send IP packets to that host.Subdomain- With DNS naming terminology, this term refers to a part of a host name (or domain nam e).That smaller part can be the part that a company registers through IANA or some authorized agency to identify all hosts inside that company. IPv4 address exhaustion- A term referring to the very factual problem in the worldwide Internet, which first presented itself in the late 1980s, in which the world appeared to be running out of the available IPv4 address space.classless interdomain routing (CIDR)- hotshot of the short-term solutions to the IPv4 address exhaustion problem that rattling helped solve the problem for a much longer time frame.CIDR allows more flexibility in how many addresses IANA assigns to a company, and it helps reduce Internet routing table sizes through route aggregation. Network Address Translation (NAT)- One of the short-term solutions to the IPv4 address exhaustion problem that actually helped solve the problem for a much longer time frame. NAT reduces the number of public IP addresses needed by one ISP customer by using one public IP address for the t raffic from many real client hosts.AcronymsBGP- Border Gateway ProtocolCATV- Cable TVCIDR- Classes Interdomain RoutingCMTS- Cable Modem Terminating SystemDSL- Digital Subscriber LineDSLAM- DSL Access MultiplexerFTTC- Fiber to the CurbHFC- Hybrid Fiber CoaxialIANA- Internet Assigned Numbers AuthorityIPS- onslaught Prevention SystemsISP- Internet Service ProviderNAT- Network Address TranslationPOP- Point of PresenceRIR- Regional Internet RegistriesRJ-11- Registered Jack 11SOHO- Small slur/Home Office

Consumer Questionnaire for Soft Drinks Essay

1.What is your monthly budget for consumption of drinks? Ans- Around Rs 300.2 .Are you satisfied with the drinks available to you in the market? Ans- Yes, although different flavours would be appreciated, along with charged fruit drinks.3.Do you find the price range of these drinks to be appropriate?what is yan approximation of an ideal prioce? Ans- Not really. As it exceeds the budget if you generally eat out more than twice a week as is the case with most people. Rs 15 for 200 ml.4.Are you willing to make changes to your existing choice of product?what would u the likes of to see in a drink? Ans- Yes, if a new product with my requirements is available. Less sugar , less preservatives natural, no preservatives colour calories etc.5.What more do you expect from your drink manufacturer that can help you to derive maximum satisfaction? Ans-Healthier drinks are more appreciated as opposed to sugar fill up carbonated drinks. Also the pricing can be changed to make it better for consume rs to buy on a regular basis.QUESTIONNAIRE FOR RETAILERS- MORE MANAGER, SADAKAT PEERZADE1.What is your approximate profits from the exchange of Soft drinks per month? Ans- turnover Around 1-2 lakhs, about 2-3 % .2.Are you willing to take up promotional activities for a new range of products in this line? What bod? Ans- yes if the product is up to the standards we require and we get some incentives. 3.What is the feedback received from the consumers regarding the available products? Ans- Customers wanted more healthy options, drinks with less sugar, the most popular being historical fruit juices.4.Do the existing manufacturer provide you assistance for the marketing of their products? Ans-Yes such as discounts on products and special offers offering extra quantity at the same price. Coupon booklets are also used along with leaflets.5.Do you suggest any changes in the Marketing/Distribution system which can help to save constitute? Ans- Providing more coolers and other storage fa cilities for stock to ensure better distribution. Also better packaging, quick deliveries so extra stock need not be kept. Free samples.

Reflection practice Essay

Reflection hold is an approach that allows practicians to understand how they use their friendship in realistic situations and how they commixture action and reading in a much successful manner (Henderson, 2002). Kondrat (2004) acquires that the aim of full of life saying is to be conscious of the influence of the subject self in similitudes to prejudices so that such(prenominal) prejudices whitethorn be reduced or removed. However, Smith (2002 138) argues that for rumination to be diminutive it expect to in like manner hale the capacity to consider social structures and power relationships analytically and apply this analysis in practice. This subsidisation aim at researching the benefits and challenges of reflection in represent practice by reflecting on an chance at usage and examine what went wrong and what went well (see appendix 1). It will evaluate my progress almost how I used reflection to develop passe-partout practice after an incident. It will also ass ess how feedback from passenger vehicle and colleagues whitethorn help me to maintain my continuing professional development.see morethe different ways that deal whitethorn react to receiving constructive feedbackAccording to Taylor and Beverly (2000) reflection is a significant human activity in which mountain recall their experiences, think about it, ponder over, evaluate it and it is this working with experience that is important in learning. Du Gay (2005) claims that we learn through critical reflection by putting ourselves into the experiences and exploring own(prenominal) and theoretical knowledge to understand it and view it in different ways. However, Swan (2008) argues that it may be hard to reflect in work practice due to time constraint and lack of instinct about how to reflect. Swan (2008) moreover argues that others practitioners may non be motivated enough in finding time to reflect. However, Taylor (2000) proposes that better self-aw beness, though not the principle reason for reflection, may create important pitchs in normal reactions to challenging clinical circumstances that may affect a beneficial change in the outcome observed.As a health and social care practitioner I appreciate that reflection offers a number of benefits such as improvement in practice and in patient help. Improved self-knowledge may offer this supernumerary benefit, as contending with the behaviour of persons in strange circumstances outlines an important part of health care practitioners Taylor (2000). Wilkin (2002), Paget (2001)and Taylor (2000) cited in Hayden, (2005) agree with the notion that reflection allows practitioners to broaden themselves intellectually and improves their professional role especially when pressure is wielded to abide more technically. However, Smith and Jack (2005) argue that practitioners need to be aware of personal advantages, improved self-awareness and improved confidence in progressing professional development as it may a ffect how they relate with patient.In relation to my individual learning plan (ILP) as place in appendix one I read encountered problem such as involving colleagues and my manager in giving me feedback. This may be because of work demands situated on my manager and change in staff structure due to an incident which occurred in work. consequently I had to reconsider using a journal to demonstrate activities identified in ILP and record of incident this meant that I can only rely on my own feedback and the understanding of my work practise in order to achieve the best possible outcome.According to Boud (2000) health and social care professionals often work one on one with overhaul users who may be experiencing various levels of emotional distress. Young and Henquinet (2000) claim that more than half of challenging behaviour occurs in social services and health care settings, and so safety is paramount. Boud (2000) claims that it is vital that professionals and service users do not exist in blankness, as both parties are influenced by societal, community and organizational behaviour this is supported by Bronfebrenners theory (Adams, 2007).Smith (2002) states that these factors may impact on service users relationship and interactions therefore a key skill is needed to work in partnership with service users. When the service user went absent without authorised leave I had to respond immediately as it was apparent that I was the only person with sufficient knowledge. Having experience this before and penetrating my work practice procedures on missing person prompted me to react as I did as identified in Schon (1991) reflection in action.Smith (2002) further argues that to attain this, it is essential forprofessionals to be able to work logic of their practice, and to understand their involvement in therapeutic functioning. This was evident in my practice as I had to support other service users who were in distress and also I had to write an incident embr ace whilst offering re- assurance. This was challenging as I am working as part of a atrophied police squad which meant that I had to carry some of the caper one by one. However, being part of a bitty team up meant that I was able to interact and communicate more easily with peers and gained their understanding of commitment level as pointed out by (Young and Henquinet 2000).Northouse (2004) states that ethics in a small teams are important because as team progress through the decision-making or problem-solving process, several postulateions may arise that may need to be dealt with and the peoples behaviour or actions surrounds the communication process. Engleberg and Wynn (2003) suggest that staff member or team members need to consider how their verbal and nonverbal communication and listening skills may affect how they construct and construe these messages. Fujishin, (2007) argues that communication in an unethical way may include misrepresenting a position or stance on a topic, and pretending to be informed about a topic.Fujishin, (2007) suggests that to avoid this staff member should not keep back information from other members and should be truthful when sharing information. As a practitioner I am morally required to contemplate the likely benefit or harm that may result if I chose to do nothing in a given situation. My actions matched my belief in the human rights to be safe and contribute to decision making and information sharing (Beidler and Dickey 2001).Controlled reflection may thus be an instrument to help professionals gain better understanding not only into professional practice but into their working relationship with service users Bould (2000). Gaining better knowledge and understanding into reflection is not freshly, Schon (1999) in Adams et al (2009) defines reflection in action as an approach taken by practitioners in work setting to instantly restructure and adjust their practice. However, Crisp and Green (2002) argue that uncont rolled reflection may not generate theory or understanding. Nevertheless, the practitioner whois able to reflect on a situation, make sense of what happened and coherent the process and variables involved may create a better understanding of the situation and of theory.Another way of making sense of circumstances that affect us together individually and professionally is through organised pensive writing. The method of reflection does not beat to be written, moreover Seymour (2003) and Ullrich et al (2002) suggest that more understanding may be gained if writing is involved as it may allow the professionals to structure opinions and reminiscences more subjectively. Ullrich and Lutgendorf (2002) also claim that it may also provide a persistent record for other professionals to access in future.In work setting I had to keep record and times of incident this is refer to as incident report. Lindeman (2000) claims that writing an incident report allows practitioners to learn about in dividuals, organisation and others. For instance, I have learnt a lot about different agencies that gets involved when a service user is reported missing. I have also learnt about the importance of keeping accurate discourse records.Duffy (2000) proposes that the process of reflective writing may offer time to reflect properly and make sense of happenings that may have affected work practice. Nonetheless, without a clear outline it may be snarled to know in what way or what to reflect upon. Burton (2000) argues that this is particularly applicable to trainee reflective professionals. Furthermore, Brennan and Hutt (2001) argue that some other additional likely risk is that professionals only reflect upon circumstances that they perceive as gone wrong. Taylor (2000) states that in this case reflective writing then becomes possibly negative and not useful if left amorphous or un- facilitated.This was apparent common in my work practice as staff focused more on the negative of the in cident instead of encouraging the use of positive. McCabe (2004) suggest that it is the duty of the experienced practitioner to question the practice of another if they believe inappropriate treatment may harm or be negative to service user. It was extremely difficult to challenge my colleagues about their negative comments this may be because they havebeen in my work practice longer than me. McCabe (2004) argues that health practitioners may feel uncomfortable due to indecision in their work practice. Conversely, Paget (2001) argues that service users best interest must be maintain all the time even if conflict should arise.According to Joyce (2005) common difficulties with using reflective journals involve procrastination, fading, eagerness, and also reluctance or lack of ability to reflect. pondering diaries or periodicals may be an effectual pecker for self assessment and development of reflective skill, specifically reflection on practice (Joyce, 2005). The skill of reflec tive writing may be advanced either through working separate or at bottom peer groups. Teekman (2000) believes that record keeping is part of showing consistency and caring about service users outcome. Caring is also paramount in health and social care, I feel powerfully about this belief and try to practise continuously.Ritz (2009) cited in Ritz and Weissleder, (2009) proposes that writing and thinking goes together when developing critical skills. According to Wilkie and Burn (2003) Health and social care have a spoken culture in which practitioners have restricted chances to develop critical, analytical skills through writing. I found it easy to use diary this may be due to the time I spent writing incident report. However, getting feedback from my colleagues proof difficult as they had different views about giving me feedback. This may be due to what they perceive as of importance as pointed out by Bowers and Jinks (2004).In conclusion reflecting about incident at work has been self- empowering and has provided me with a perception into personal understanding and control (McCabe 2004). This reflection has recognised the opinions, hindrances associated with working in Health and social care (HSC) practice. Additionally, it has also shown that the present-day premise of HSC is multifaceted. However using Schons mise en scene does aim to reveal the insufficiencies of a positivist attitude to knowledge and practice and this may result to new understandings (Teekman, 2000). Consequently, it is essential that the professional is allowed to reflect critically on practiceso as to improve and cover knowledge and eventually the quality of service and care provided to service users. Reflective writing has helped me to cope with critical incident at work and I feel like I can pass this musical instrument to my work colleagues.ReferencesAdam R, Dominelli L, and Payne, M (2009) social work themes, issues and critical debates(3rd ed). Basingstoke Palgrave. Boud, D. ( 2000) Sustainable Assessment Rethinking assessment for the learning society. Studies in Continuing Education. 22 151-167. Bowers S. J. and Jinks A. M.( 2004) Issues surrounding professional portfolio development for nurses. British ledger of Nursing, 13 (3) 155-159 Brennam A.M. and Hutt R. (2001) the challenges and conflicts of facilitating learning in practice the experience of the clinical nurse educators nurse in practice 1(4) 181-188. Bulman C, and Schutz S. (2004) Reflective Practice in Nursing (3rd ed) Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. Burton A. J,.(2000) reflection nursing s practice and education panacea . ledger of Advanced Nursing 31 10009-1017. Crisp, B.R. and Green L. P. (2002). Assessments methods in social work education A survey of the literature social work education 21 259-269. Demmke, C, Hammerschmid, G, Meyer, RE (2006) Decentralisation and Accountability as a Focus of Public Administration Modernisation Challenges and Consequences for Human Resource Management. Ma astricht/Brussels EIPA Duff, L,.(2000) from rote to reflection an unimagined Learning Journey Canadian Nurse 96(7) 30-33. Du Gay, P (2005) The Values of Bureaucracy. Oxford Oxford University Press.Engleberg, I. N., & Wynn, D. R. (2003). Working in groups Communication principles and strategies (3rd ed.). Boston, Houghton MifflinFisher, K (2003) Demystifying critical reflection Defining criteria for assessment. Higher Education Research & Development 22(3) 313325.Fujishin, R. (2007).Creating effective groups The art of small group communication (2nd ed.). Lanham, MD Rowman & Littlefield.Hayden, K S. (2005) Critical incident A nurses personal reflection. Pro quest nursing & Allied health source (15)329. Henderson, GM (2002) Transformative learning as a condition for transformational change in organizations. Human Resource Development Review 1(2) 186214.Joyce P.(2005) A framework for portfolio development in graduate student nursing practice. Journal for Clinical Nursing,14(4) 456-46 3. Kondrat, M. E, . (2004) Who is the Self in Self-Aware Professional Self-Awareness from a Critical conjecture Perspective, Social Service Review 3(4) 45177.Lindeman C. A. (2000) the future of nursing education. Journal of Nursing Education 395-12. McCabe, C (2004) Nurse patient communication an exploration of patients experience. Journal of clinical Nursing 13 (1) 45-54 McCutcheon, H. and Pincombe J. (2001) recognition an important tool in the practice of nursing. Journal of advanced Nursing. 35(3) 342-348.Paget T(2001) reflective practice and clinical outcomes pracitioners views on how reflective practice has influenced their clinical practice. Journal of clinical Nursing. 10(2) 204-214.Parton, N and OByrne, Pk (2000) Constructive Social Work. Basingstoke Macmillan.Ritz A, Weissleder, M (2009) Management development in public administration. In Thom N, Zaugg RJ (eds) Modern personnel development. Wiesbaden Gabler, pp. 371394.Ritz, A (2009) Public service motivation and organiz ational performance in Swiss federal government. International Review of Administrative Sciences 75(1) 5378.Rogers, R (2001) Reflection in higher education A concept analysis. Innovative Higher Education. 26(1) 3757.Seymour, B,. Kinn, S,. and Sutherland N,. (2003) Valuing both critical and creative thinking in clinical practice narrowing the research practice gap. Journal of advanced Nursing 42 288- 296. Smith, A,. and Jack K,. (2005) Reflective practice a meaning task for students nursing standard 19 (26) 33-37. Smith, S. (2002) What Works for Whom The Link between Process and Outcome in persuasiveness Research, Australian Social Work 55(2).Swan, E,. (2008) Lets not get too personal Critical reflection, reflexivity and the confessional turn. Journal of European Industrial Training 32(5) 385399.Taylor, Beverly J. (2000) Reflective Practice A channelize for Nurses and Midwives. St Leonards,Australia Allen and Unwin.Taylor B.J. (2000) Reflective practice A guide for nurses and midwi ves. OpenUniversity Press, Maidenhead.Teekman, B. (2000) Exploring reflective thinking in nursing practice. Journal of advanced nursing 31(5) 1122-1135. Thorpe, K (2004) Reflective learning journals From concept to practice. Reflective Practice 5(3) 327343.Ullrich P. M. and Lutgendorf S. K,. (2002) Journaling about stressful events effects of cognitive processing and emotional expression. Annals of Behavioural Medicine. 24 244-250.van der Meer, F, Marks, P (2013) teach and learning reflection in MPA programmes Towards a strategy. Teaching Public Administration 31(1) this issue.Wilkie K. and Burn I. (2003) Problem ground Learning A handbook for Nurses. Palgrave MacMillan Basingstoke.Wilkin K (2002) Exploring expert practice through reflection nursing incritical care. 7(2) 88-93 Young, C. B., & Henquinet, J. A. (2000). A conceptual framework for designing group projects.Journal of Education for Business, 76, 5660.

Music and Dance Essay

Filipinos are known as great musicians worldwide. This is seen in their dedication and intense whop for music. Early Filipinos already developed their own music through their endemic songs and legal documents. The Magellan expedition in 1521, witnessed among the Cebuanos performers of timbale, and cymbal and other forms of drums. The intimately popular music instrument found in the country is the kudyapi a metal stringed instrument shaped like a boat, Tingguian nose flute c aloneed kalalen, the Muslim xylophone called kulintang. Negritos of Bataan and Zambales confine the musical instrument called ban, the Visayans had a guitar looking which they called gangsa and the toltogan, a bamboo drum.Aside from instruments, our ancestors also expressed themselves through their songs with dance like tagumpay, Tagalog sog of victory, Mang-ay-uweng, an Igorots labor song, Kinnallogong which is an Ilo feceso dance of a man facing a woman, tudub a harvest song in concert with dandansuy, bali taw the two popular song and dance in Agusan, Other Philippine ethnic dances are the undermentioned Bonog- Cordillera dance portraying hunting, Salisid- Cordillera courtship dance, Palok- cordillera tribal dance, Idudu- Cordillera tribal dance which is a common among Itneg or Tinguian society, Lumagen- Kalinga traditionalistic thanksgiving dance, Bendayan- Benguet dance commemorating the arrival of the headhunters and Binaylan- Agusan ritual dance which originated from the Bagobo tribe.Dressing and OrnamentationThe ancient Filipinos have their own attire and their own fashion. The men in the barangay society wore the kanggan, described as a lightlessness or blue collarless, short-sleeve jacket. They also wore a bahag a strip of cloth wrapped around their heads was also used which is called putong. They also had jewels such as pendant, gold necklaces, gold teeth, gold armlets that were called kalombigas and gold anklets make full with agates, carnelian and other gems. The women h ad their own way of dressing themselves same as the men. They wore wide-sleeve jacket called baro or camisa, in their lower part they wore a skirt, a piece of colored cloth, which they called as tapis or saya by the Tagalog and Patadyong by the Visayans.Women wore jewelry consisted of gold necklace,gold bracelets, large gold earrings and gold rings and teeth. In Visayans, the most tattooed Filipinos settled they developed a social representation through body marks of various designs representing animals, flowers and geometrical representations. There were two reasons first, to enhance their physical body beauty, and second, for men to show their war records, the more rival a warrior killed in the battle, the more tattoo was inched in his body. The women were less tattooed than men. When the Spaniards came to Visayas and upon seeing such people they called pintados r painted people, they called the island as Las Islas Pintados or Island of Painted People.A Cat DiseaseA disease that causes chronic gastrological disorders, IBD, is envisioned in a spectrum of severities. Cats can vomit heavily, and suffer from continuous diarrhea. Reasons for the disease are still unknown. Bacterial infections, gastrological irritation, lack of vitamins are often quoted as factors contri exactlying to the development of the disease. Veterinarians, treating IBD in cats, usually inflict medicine and advice on the dietary management as well as make surgical choices. If untreated, IBD, can be fatal for cats. Research conducted mostly by pet owners shows that a cats diet can be critical. Further research depart include inspection of several vaccines. So far, grain-free, stark meat diet has already proved to be largely beneficial.The Meteor ShowThe much announce meteor show this summer was a memory ot behold. The air was crisp and cool. I did not sluice feel a hint of a breezeon my skin as I deceitfulness on my back in the darkness. The warm temperature of the water against the cooler air created a drifting sprightly fog that whispered over the lake. Darkness enveloped the sky as only a slight bend dexter of the moon shone in the night consequently, this make the perfect stage for the breathtaking view of twinkling stars. In the still of the night many galaxies glittered from the depths of the sky as I felt hypnotically drawn into the mesmorizing show in a higher place me.Broad irregular bands of light from the Milky Way stretched across the sky while the big and small(a) dipper shined brightly. As predicted, the meteor show began with various sized meteors cascading to the earths atmosphere close to every fifteen to thirty seconds. Shots of light, followed by orange and white mist, describes the presence of the meteors. The panoramic view made it possible to witness several meteors at a time while marveling at each one. An effect like this may only happen once in a lifetime, so I will cherish this mommaent and it will remain as one of my fondes t memories.My First Time In The parking brake RoomI went to the Emergency Room for the first time when I was thirteen years old. It all came about when I was skateboarding in front of my grandmas house and I seek to do a trick. I almost pulled it of, but I messed it up in the end and headed to the base with my hands down. My right wrist was twisted the wrong way in the air when I set down hard on the ground, it just broke it. At first it did not hurt at all, but when I looked down at my warped and twisted wrist , all of a sudden agonizing pain rushed through my wrist and I came unglued. Rolling around on the ground shout and cussing in pain, my parents saw what happened and came running to my aid.My dad started moving it around saying, its not broken, as my mom was saying over and over again we need to go to the emergency room to get the material diiagnosis. After about fifteen minutes of yelling and screaming, I finally got up and held my wrist as I walked to the car. The wh ole way to the ER the pain got worse and worse. Later I foound out the make up in pain was due to massive swelling against the broken bone. I had to sit in the waiting room for almost and hour which seemed loke forever. After waiting impatiently, I finally got into the doctors dresser where I got an X-Ray and found out my wrist was truley broken.

Keeping the Good Ones

Training employees will lead to increased productivity and purify outcomes. Therefore, it is prerequisite to treat team members as people first and as employees second. It will displace their utilization in work and interest in outcomes. Actually, staff training will inspire employees and provide them with necessary practical tools in order to keep the good people the corporation already has. The core principles of winning management beTo assign yourself (director, senior manager) as a person firstly and director secondlyTo offer time with a regular take 10 check-inTo offer motivation and appreciationIt is known that companies spend lashings of capital investments in tomorrows leaders without paying attention to todays employees. It is suggested that money is the main reason of departures. Nevertheless, it is not. Money plays important part, though this part is minor compared with other factors. Motivation ground only on material awards is insufficient, although lack of mo ney is also a de-motivator.So, there is not wishing to throw money after employee who is unhappy, because it will create an unhappy employee who is offend off financially. It is necessary to draught that variety of factors exist to motivate employees. Therefore, motivation should be intrinsic. There is not single method to motivate all the employees at once. Motivation depends on each employee. Directors should understand these principles, if they want to develop leaders. Otherwise, directors will armed service only unified ambitions of leading competitors.The first key is to build a better elaboration. If a company wants to retain its employees in whom it has invested capital, time and relationships, it has, firstly, to provide amendments of corporate structure. It s required to look at corporate hierarchy culture vertical or horizontal. Vertical structure results in decreased communication, less employees sanction and general decrease in commitment, whereas horizontal str ucture does the opposite meaning it aims at decreasing detrition and power struggles between employees and senior management.Horizontal structure tends to ensure higher visibility and accountability. The next step is to improve employee commitment and communication mechanism. It is important to remember that to improve the quality of employees life means to ensure better commitment and performance of the company.The second key is to empower employees. Actually, empowerment is a matter of discussion, though frequently this concept is misunderstood. It is proved that empowered employees are able to make quicker decisions, they are more overconfident in their abilities, etc. Thus, empowerment increases employees satisfaction and decreases corporate costs related to remediation work.Motivated employees are willingly engaged in innovations and problem-solving processes. The main benefit of empowerment is that it generates loyalty among employees. Therefore, empowered employees realize that their part is valued and they are respected.Finally, the third key is to improve relationship skills. It means that relationships within corporate culture may either make or break the companys performance. Relationship and communication skills are vital component of corporate culture. The companys managers and directors should display corporate personality traits such as sense of humor, family values, empathy, genuineness to motivate employees follow their example. People should be valued more then outcomes.Further, head executives should be readily accessible and easily approached. It goes without saying that the better relationship skills among employees and directors, the better the corporate culture. strong communication is playing nowadays one of the most important roles in organizations and companies, because it is the only source of uncouth understanding among employees and customers, directors and suppliers, etc.ReferencesKeeping the Good Ones. (2001). Retrieved Ma rch 11, 2007, from http//mpcfilms.com